Stanford CS144 Lab2.TCP Reciever

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发布于 2022-12-08 14:56:44

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发布于 2022-12-08 14:56:44

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Stanford CS144 Lab2.TCP Reciever

于2022年4月18日2022年4月18日由Sukuna发布

CS144 Lab2 TCP 接收端的实现

绝对序号和相对序号的转换:

在实践中，一个分组的序号承载在分组首部的一个固定长度的字段中。如果分组序号字段的比特数是k,则该序号范围是[0,2^k]。在一个有限的序号范围内，所有涉及序号的运算必须使用模2^k运算。（即序号空间可被看作是一个长度为2^k 的环，其中序号2^k-1紧挨着0）。上面论述的序号是相对序号(相对序号的开始值是isn),还有一种不模2^k的运算就是绝对序号.

这个时候我们需要完成两个函数:

1.wrap(绝对序号转化为相对序号)

WrappingInt32 wrap(uint64_t n, WrappingInt32 isn) {
  DUMMY_CODE(n, isn);
  WrappingInt32 res(n+isn.raw_value());
  return res;
}

这个函数调用了WrappingInt32类的构造函数,构造函数获得一个int类型的数(uint_64等类型)然后取模之后获得32位的整形数,存放到raw_value成员中.

2.unwrap(相对序号转绝对序号)

uint64_t unwrap(WrappingInt32 n, WrappingInt32 isn, uint64_t checkpoint) {
    DUMMY_CODE(n, isn, checkpoint);
    uint64_t temp=n.raw_value()-isn.raw_value();
    if(checkpoint==0){
        return temp;
    }
    uint32_t div=checkpoint/(1ul<<32);
    uint32_t res=checkpoint%(1ul<<32);
    if (res<=temp) {
        temp=(checkpoint-temp-(div-1)*(1ul<<32))<(temp+div*(1ul<<32)-checkpoint)?temp+(div-1)*(1ul<<32):temp+div*(1ul<<32);
    }else{
        temp=(checkpoint-temp-div*(1ul<<32))<(temp+(div+1)*(1ul<<32)-checkpoint)?temp+div*(1ul<<32):temp+(div+1)*(1ul<<32);
    }
    return temp;
}

给定checkpoint,找到最靠近checkpoint的那个temp,返回即可.

Implementing the TCP receiver

首先我们看一看TCP报文包的定义:主要是由首部和其中的元素组成:其中可以调用serialize和parse方法转化,

class TCPSegment {
  private:
    TCPHeader _header{};
    Buffer _payload{};

  public:
    //! \brief Parse the segment from a string
    ParseResult parse(const Buffer buffer, const uint32_t datagram_layer_checksum = 0);

    //! \brief Serialize the segment to a string
    BufferList serialize(const uint32_t datagram_layer_checksum = 0) const;

    //! \name Accessors
    //!@{
    const TCPHeader &header() const { return _header; }
    TCPHeader &header() { return _header; }

    const Buffer &payload() const { return _payload; }
    Buffer &payload() { return _payload; }
    //!@}

    //! \brief Segment's length in sequence space
    //! \note Equal to payload length plus one byte if SYN is set, plus one byte if FIN is set
    size_t length_in_sequence_space() const;
};

接着我们来看一看TCP首部:首部的元素主要是:

序号：seqno，占32位，用来标识从发送端到接收端的字节流；
确认号：ackno，占32位，只有ACK标志位为1时，确认号才有效，ackno=seqno+1；
标志位：
- SYN：发起一个连接；
- FIN：释放一个连接；
- ACK：确认序号有效。

struct TCPHeader {
    static constexpr size_t LENGTH = 20;  //!< [TCP](\ref rfc::rfc793) header length, not including options

    //! \struct TCPHeader
    //! ~~~{.txt}
    //!   0                   1                   2                   3
    //!   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //!  |          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //!  |                        Sequence Number                        |
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //!  |                    Acknowledgment Number                      |
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //!  |  Data |           |U|A|P|R|S|F|                               |
    //!  | Offset| Reserved  |R|C|S|S|Y|I|            Window             |
    //!  |       |           |G|K|H|T|N|N|                               |
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //!  |           Checksum            |         Urgent Pointer        |
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //!  |                    Options                    |    Padding    |
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //!  |                             data                              |
    //!  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //! ~~~

    //! \name TCP Header fields
    //!@{
    uint16_t sport = 0;         //!< source port
    uint16_t dport = 0;         //!< destination port
    WrappingInt32 seqno{0};     //!< sequence number
    WrappingInt32 ackno{0};     //!< ack number
  	uint8_t doff = LENGTH / 4;  //!< data offset
    bool urg = false;           //!< urgent flag
    bool ack = false;           //!< ack flag
    bool psh = false;           //!< push flag
    bool rst = false;           //!< rst flag
    bool syn = false;           //!< syn flag
    bool fin = false;           //!< fin flag
    uint16_t win = 0;           //!< window size
    uint16_t cksum = 0;         //!< checksum
    uint16_t uptr = 0;          //!< urgent pointer
}

接着看一看TCP receiver的数据结构定义:

#ifndef SPONGE_LIBSPONGE_TCP_RECEIVER_HH
#define SPONGE_LIBSPONGE_TCP_RECEIVER_HH

#include "byte_stream.hh"
#include "stream_reassembler.hh"
#include "tcp_segment.hh"
#include "wrapping_integers.hh"

#include <optional>

//! \brief The "receiver" part of a TCP implementation.

//! Receives and reassembles segments into a ByteStream, and computes
//! the acknowledgment number and window size to advertise back to the
//! remote TCPSender.
//接收重组segments为 ByteStream，并计算确认号和窗口大小以通告回远程 TCPSender。
class TCPReceiver {
    //! Our data structure for re-assembling bytes.
    //我们用于重新组装字节的数据结构。
    StreamReassembler _reassembler;

    //! The maximum number of bytes we'll store.
    //容量大小
    size_t _capacity;
    WrappingInt32 ISN;
    bool syn_flag;
  public:

    //! \brief Construct a TCP receiver
    //!
    //! \param capacity the maximum number of bytes that the receiver will
    //!                 store in its buffers at any give time.
    //构造函数，构造一个 TCP 接收器，容量接收器在任何给定时间将存储在其缓冲区中的最大字节数。
    TCPReceiver(const size_t capacity) : _reassembler(capacity), _capacity(capacity),ISN(0) ,syn_flag(0){}

    //! \name Accessors to provide feedback to the remote TCPSender
    //!@{

    //! \brief The ackno that should be sent to the peer
    //! \returns empty if no SYN has been received
    //!
    //! This is the beginning of the receiver's window, or in other words, the sequence number
    //! of the first byte in the stream that the receiver hasn't received.
    // 如果没有收到 SYN，则应发送给对等方的 ackno 为空
    //这是接收器窗口的开始，否则，接收器未接收到的流中第一个字节的序列号。
    std::optional<WrappingInt32> ackno() const;

    //! \brief The window size that should be sent to the peer
    //!
    //! Operationally: the capacity minus the number of bytes that the
    //! TCPReceiver is holding in its byte stream (those that have been
    //! reassembled, but not consumed).
    //!
    //! Formally: the difference between (a) the sequence number of
    //! the first byte that falls after the window (and will not be
    //! accepted by the receiver) and (b) the sequence number of the
    //! beginning of the window (the ackno).
    size_t window_size() const;
    //!@}

    //! \brief number of bytes stored but not yet reassembled
    size_t unassembled_bytes() const { return _reassembler.unassembled_bytes(); }

    //! \brief handle an inbound segment
    void segment_received(const TCPSegment &seg);

    //! \name "Output" interface for the reader
    //!@{
    ByteStream &stream_out() { return _reassembler.stream_out(); }
    const ByteStream &stream_out() const { return _reassembler.stream_out(); }
    bool recv_fin() const;
    //!@}
};

我们知道TCP需要接受一个叫做segment类型的数据,然后存储起来,送入到Lab1已经实现好的reassemble_stream中.并返回适合的ACK.

对于接受的数据:分成两种可能,一种是第一个序列,另外的就是普通的数据

void TCPReceiver::segment_received(const TCPSegment &seg) {
    DUMMY_CODE(seg);
    //代表第一个传过来的seg
    if(seg.header().syn){
        syn_flag= true;
        //窗口的左端
        ISN=seg.header().seqno;
    } else if(!syn_flag){
        return;
    }
  	//推断数据包的序号,序号比较靠近上一个已经接收到的序号,然后塞进我们在Lab1已经写好的流重组器.
    uint64_t received_lens=_reassembler.stream_out().bytes_written();
    size_t index= unwrap(seg.header().seqno,ISN,received_lens);
    if(!seg.header().syn){
        index--;
    }
    //进行重组
    _reassembler.push_substring(seg.payload().copy(),index,seg.header().fin);
}

ACK的返回也很简单,流重组器输入到Byte stream的个数就代表已经输入了多少个有序的序列,返回对应的ACK即可.但是对于结束的时候的ACK回应,我们还是需要分类讨论.

optional<WrappingInt32> TCPReceiver::ackno() const {
    if(!syn_flag){
        return std::nullopt;
    }else{
      	//判断是否是最后一个
        if(_reassembler.stream_out().input_ended()){
            return ISN+_reassembler.stream_out().bytes_written()+2;
        }else{
          	//返回的ACK的序号就是期望获得的下一个字符的数+1,流重组器的已连续写入的数据量就是最后一个有序的						 //字符
            return ISN+_reassembler.stream_out().bytes_written()+1;
        }
    }
}