Oracle使用SQL语句查询表空间或数据库的增长量

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发布于 2023-04-27 13:31:21

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发布于 2023-04-27 13:31:21

文章被收录于专栏：小麦苗的DB宝专栏

简介

在Oracle数据库中，我们有时候在分析一些问题时，需要了解哪一些表空间的数据增长了。我们需要快速定位数据量增长较快的用户表空间，或者在哪一些时间段表空间数据量突然飚增了。

10g或11g

SELECT a.snap_id,
       c.tablespace_name ts_name,
       to_char(to_date(a.rtime, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') rtime,
       round(a.tablespace_size * c.block_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) ts_size_mb,
       round(a.tablespace_usedsize * c.block_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) ts_used_mb,
       round((a.tablespace_size - a.tablespace_usedsize) * c.block_size / 1024 / 1024,
             2) ts_free_mb,
       round(a.tablespace_usedsize / a.tablespace_size * 100, 2) pct_used
  FROM dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage a, 
       (SELECT tablespace_id,
               substr(rtime, 1, 10) rtime,
               max(snap_id) snap_id
          FROM dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage nb
         group by tablespace_id, substr(rtime, 1, 10)) b,
         dba_tablespaces c,
         v$tablespace d
 where a.snap_id = b.snap_id
   and a.tablespace_id = b.tablespace_id
   and a.tablespace_id=d.TS#
   and d.NAME=c.tablespace_name  
     and  to_date(a.rtime, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss') >=sysdate-30
   order by a.tablespace_id,to_date(a.rtime, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss') desc;

或：

set linesize 860;
set pagesize 120;
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
col tb_name for a16;
col ts_mb for 999,999,999.90
col max_mb for 999,999,999.90
col used_mb for 999,999,999.90
col last_mb for 999,999,999.90
col incr for 999,999.90


select * from (
  select v.name                         tb_name
        ,v.ts#
        ,s.instance_number
        ,h.tablespace_size
       * round(p.value/1024/1024,2)     ts_mb
        ,h.tablespace_maxsize
       * round(p.value/1024/1024,2)     max_mb
        ,h.tablespace_usedsize
       * round(p.value/1024/1024,2)     used_mb
        ,to_date(h.rtime, 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') resize_time
        ,lag(h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024, 1, h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024)  over (partition by v.ts# order by h.snap_id) last_mb
        ,(h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024)  - lag(h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024, 1, h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024)  over (partition by v.ts# order by h.snap_id) incr
    from dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage     h
       , dba_hist_snapshot              s
       , v$tablespace                   v
       , dba_tablespaces                t
       , v$parameter                    p
   where h.tablespace_id                = v.ts#
     and v.name                         = t.tablespace_name
     and t.contents                not in ('UNDO', 'TEMPORARY')
     and p.name                         = 'db_block_size'
     and h.snap_id                      = s.snap_id
         /* For a specific time */
     and s.begin_interval_time          > sysdate - 7
    -- and v.name =upper('&tablespace_name')
order by v.name, h.snap_id asc)
   where incr > 0;

12c或更高版本

SELECT a.snap_id,
       a.con_id,
       e.name pdbname,
       c.tablespace_name ts_name,
       to_char(to_date(a.rtime, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss'), 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') rtime,
       round(a.tablespace_size * c.block_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) ts_size_mb,
       round(a.tablespace_usedsize * c.block_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) ts_used_mb,
       round((a.tablespace_size - a.tablespace_usedsize) * c.block_size / 1024 / 1024,
             2) ts_free_mb,
       round(a.tablespace_usedsize / a.tablespace_size * 100, 2) pct_used
  FROM cdb_hist_tbspc_space_usage a, 
       (SELECT tablespace_id,
               nb.con_id,
               substr(rtime, 1, 10) rtime,
               max(snap_id) snap_id
          FROM dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage nb
         group by tablespace_id, nb.con_id,substr(rtime, 1, 10)) b,
         cdb_tablespaces c,
         v$tablespace d,
         V$CONTAINERS e
 where a.snap_id = b.snap_id
   and a.tablespace_id = b.tablespace_id
   and a.con_id=b.con_id
   and a.con_id=c.con_id
   and a.con_id=d.con_id
   and a.con_id=e.con_id
   and a.tablespace_id=d.TS#
   and d.NAME=c.tablespace_name
     and  to_date(a.rtime, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss') >=sysdate-30
   order by a.CON_ID,a.tablespace_id,to_date(a.rtime, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss') desc;

或：

-- 注意：此脚本要在CDB下执行才能查看所有PDB的表空间信息。如果在指定的PDB下执行的，只能查看当前PDB的表空间增长信息
set linesize 860;
set pagesize 120;
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
col con_id for 999
col name for a16
col ts# for 999
col ts_mb for 999,999,999.90
col max_mb for 999,999,999.90
col used_mb for 999,999,999.90
col last_mb for 999,999,999.90
col incr for 999,999.90


select * from (
  select v.con_id
        ,v.name
        ,v.ts#
        ,s.instance_number
        ,h.tablespace_size
       * p.value/1024/1024              ts_mb
        ,h.tablespace_maxsize
       * p.value/1024/1024              max_mb
        ,h.tablespace_usedsize
       * p.value/1024/1024              used_mb
        ,to_date(h.rtime, 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') resize_time
        ,lag(h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024, 1, h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024)  over (partition by v.ts# order by h.snap_id) last_mb
        ,(h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024)   - lag(h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024, 1, h.tablespace_usedsize * p.value/1024/1024)  over (partition by v.con_id, v.ts# order by h.snap_id) incr
    from cdb_hist_tbspc_space_usage     h
       , cdb_hist_snapshot              s
       , v$tablespace                   v
       , cdb_tablespaces                t
       , v$parameter                    p
   where h.tablespace_id                = v.ts#
     and h.con_id                       = v.con_id
     and h.con_id                       = t.con_id
     and v.name                         = t.tablespace_name
     and v.con_id                       = t.con_id
     and t.contents                not in ('UNDO', 'TEMPORARY')
     and p.name                         = 'db_block_size'
     and h.snap_id                      = s.snap_id
     /* For a specific time */
     and s.begin_interval_time          > sysdate - 7
    -- and v.name =upper('&tablespace_name')
order by v.con_id, v.name, h.snap_id asc)
   where incr > 0;

如何估算oracle数据库对象历史增长情况

最近七天数据库的增长情况，这个只是一个估算值。

select sum(space_used_total)/1024/1024/1024 "last 7 days db increase - G"
from dba_hist_seg_stat s,
dba_hist_seg_stat_obj o,
dba_hist_snapshot sn
where s.obj# = o.obj#
and sn.snap_id = s.snap_id
and begin_interval_time > sysdate-8
order by begin_interval_time;

其它SQL

SYSTEM表空间增量量

select u.snap_id,
       to_char(s.begin_interval_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24') begin_time,
       to_char(s.end_interval_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24') end_time,
       t.name,
       round(u.tablespace_size * ts.block_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) ts_size_mb,
       round(u.tablespace_usedsize * ts.block_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) ts_used_mb,
       round((u.tablespace_size - u.tablespace_usedsize) * ts.block_size / 1024 / 1024, 2) ts_free_mb,
       round(u.tablespace_usedsize / u.tablespace_size * 100, 2) pct_used
  from dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage u,
       v$tablespace               t,
       dba_hist_snapshot          s,
       dba_tablespaces            ts
 where u.tablespace_id = t.ts#
   and u.snap_id = s.snap_id
   and t.name = ts.tablespace_name
   and s.instance_number = 1
   and t.name = 'SYSTEM'
   and s.end_interval_time > sysdate - 7   
     order by snap_id desc;

不含undo和temp

with tmp as
(select rtime,
sum(tablespace_usedsize_kb) tablespace_usedsize_kb,
sum(tablespace_size_kb) tablespace_size_kb
from (select rtime,
e.tablespace_id,
(e.tablespace_usedsize) * (f.block_size) / 1024 tablespace_usedsize_kb,
(e.tablespace_size) * (f.block_size) / 1024 tablespace_size_kb
from dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage e,
dba_tablespaces f,
v$tablespace g
where e.tablespace_id = g.TS#
and f.tablespace_name = g.NAME
and f.contents not in ('TEMPORARY','UNDO'))
group by rtime)
select tmp.rtime,
tablespace_usedsize_kb,
tablespace_size_kb,
(tablespace_usedsize_kb -
LAG(tablespace_usedsize_kb, 1, NULL) OVER(ORDER BY tmp.rtime)) AS DIFF_KB
from tmp,
(select max(rtime) rtime
from tmp
group by substr(rtime, 1, 10)) t2
where t2.rtime = tmp.rtime;

含undo和temp

with tmp as
(select min(rtime) rtime,
sum(tablespace_usedsize_kb) tablespace_usedsize_kb,
sum(tablespace_size_kb) tablespace_size_kb
from (select rtime,
e.tablespace_id,
(e.tablespace_usedsize) * (f.block_size) / 1024 tablespace_usedsize_kb,
(e.tablespace_size) * (f.block_size) / 1024 tablespace_size_kb
from dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage e,
dba_tablespaces f,
v$tablespace g
where e.tablespace_id = g.TS#
and f.tablespace_name = g.NAME)
group by rtime)
select tmp.rtime,
tablespace_usedsize_kb,
tablespace_size_kb,
(tablespace_usedsize_kb -
LAG(tablespace_usedsize_kb, 1, NULL) OVER(ORDER BY tmp.rtime)) AS DIFF_KB
from tmp,
(select min(rtime) rtime
from tmp
group by substr(rtime, 1, 10)) t2 where t2.rtime = tmp.rtime;

列出相关段对象在快照时间内的使用空间的历史变化信息

column owner format a16
column object_name format a36
column start_day format a11
column block_increase format 9999999999

select obj.owner, obj.object_name,
to_char(sn.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME,'RRRR-MON-DD') start_day,
sum(a.db_block_changes_delta) block_increase
from dba_hist_seg_stat a,
dba_hist_snapshot sn,
dba_objects obj
where sn.snap_id = a.snap_id
and obj.object_id = a.obj#
and obj.owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM')
and end_interval_time between to_timestamp('17-FEB-2014','DD-MON-RRRR')
and to_timestamp('25-FEB-2014','DD-MON-RRRR')
group by obj.owner, obj.object_name,
to_char(sn.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME,'RRRR-MON-DD')
order by obj.owner, obj.object_name ;

统计 Oracle 数据库每年数据增长量

统计数据库的规模一般会从两个维度考虑，一个是真实的数据库对象所占的空间，另一个是物理磁盘需要占多少空间。

前者是逻辑对象的数据规模，后者是磁盘上实际的数据文件大小。逻辑对象是存在物理文件中的，文件提前分好了空间，文件内容会等待逻辑对象填满。比如提前分好了一个32GB的表空间，数据没存满前，文件大小不会变，但对象所占的空间是在增长的。

统计数据库数据量大小的 SQL 语句如下：

-- 对象大小
select sum(t.bytes)/1024/1024/1024/1024 TB   from dba_segments t;

-- 数据文件大小
select sum(t.bytes)/1024/1024/1024/1024 TB   from dba_data_files t;

如果需要统计每年的数据库的数据量的增长量，一种笨办法则是每年统计一次，将结果存下来，多年之后再将数据取出来进行分析。Oracle中并不会记录数据增长的历史，唯一一种可以近似得到数据增长历史的地方是v

datafile统计的数据增长量如下：

图片

SQL语句为：

SELECT trunc(t.creation_time, 'yyyy'),
       round(SUM(t.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 / 1024, 2) tb
  FROM v$datafile t
 GROUP BY trunc(t.creation_time, 'yyyy')
 ORDER BY 1;

这里有一个问题就是如果数据库的生命周期不完整了，比如经历过数据迁移、resetlog 导致归档日志不再连接，此时 v$datafile 中记录的数据文件创建时间已经被重置，之前的历史记录会丢失。此时数据库相当于重生了，之前的数据文件创建时间都被重置为数据库的第一次打开时间。比如上面的记录 2017 年以前的数据文件增长记录都无法考证了，原因是经历过 resetlog 打开数据库。