Linux工具｜运维工具7za浅谈
原创
1、背景
前几日，需要从线上环境拉取部分数据导入到实验库，将工作告知运维后，运维发给我一些文件，文件内容如下格式：
xxx7z.001
xxx7z.002
xxx7z.003
xxx7z.004
看到这个第一眼，不知道怎么处理了，最后运维告知需要使用7za工具处理。为了巩固自己所学，下面开始研究下这个软件工具。
2、7zip简介
7-zip以高压缩率著称，并且是一款免费开源的压缩软件。在常规的Linux发行版中，无法通过简单的yum命令来安装该软件。那么在CentOS中，如何安装7ZIP呢？
3、7-zip安装
第一种，源码编译安装
官网下载地址：http://www.7-zip.org/download.html
源文件项目地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/p7zip/，目前最新版为9.20.1。
执行以下命令下载安装：
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/p7zip/p7zip/9.20.1/p7zip_9.20.1_src_all.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf p7zip_9.20.1_src_all.tar.bz2
cd p7zip_9.20.1
make
make install最后一步make install后出现以下信息，即为安装完毕。
./install.sh /usr/local/bin /usr/local/lib/p7zip /usr/local/man /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip- installing /usr/local/bin/7za
- installing /usr/local/man/man1/7z.1
- installing /usr/local/man/man1/7za.1
- installing /usr/local/man/man1/7zr.1
- installing /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip/README
- installing /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip/ChangeLog
- installing HTML help in /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip/DOCS
第二种，rpm安装
下载地址：http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/，请以最新版为准。
在 CentOS 5.x 32位下安装7ZIP
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm在 CentOS 5.x 64位下安装7ZIP
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm在 CentOS 6.x 32位下安装7ZIP
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm在 CentOS 6.x 64位下安装7ZIP
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm第三种，yum安装
通过《在Centos 5.x或6.x上安装RHEL EPEL Repo》一文，安装RHEL EPEL Repo后，即可使用yum安装7ZIP。
命令如下：
yum install -y p7zip4、使用方法
使用7zip的命令是7za。安装完成后的使用方法：
「格式」
7za {a|d|l|e|u|x} 压缩包文件名 {文件列表或目录，可选}
a 向压缩包里添加文件或创建压缩包，如向001.7z添加001.jpg，执行：7za a 001.7z 001.jpg；将001目录打包执行：7za a 001.7z 001；d 从压缩里删除文件，如将001.7z里的001.jpg删除，执行：7za d 001.7z 001.jpgl 列出压缩包里的文件，如列出001.7z里的文件，执行：7za l 001.7ze 解压到当前目录，目录结构会被破坏，如001.rar内有如下目录及文件123/456/789.html，执行：7za e 001.rar，目录123和456及文件789.html都会存放在当前目录下。x 以完整路径解压。
zip文件解压中文文件乱码问题，由于zip文件中没有声明其编码，所以在Linux上使用unzip解压以默认编码解压，中文文件名会出现乱码。
「帮助命令」
在CentOS中使用帮助命令
$ 7za --help
7-Zip (a) [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2673 v4 @ 2.30GHz (406F1),ASM,AES-NI)
Usage: 7za <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...]
[<@listfiles...>]
<Commands>
a : Add files to archive
b : Benchmark
d : Delete files from archive
e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
h : Calculate hash values for files
i : Show information about supported formats
l : List contents of archive
rn : Rename files in archive
t : Test integrity of archive
u : Update files to archive
x : eXtract files with full paths
<Switches>
-- : Stop switches parsing
-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include archives
-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude archives
-ao{a|s|t|u} : set Overwrite mode
-an : disable archive_name field
-bb[0-3] : set output log level
-bd : disable progress indicator
-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} : set output stream for output/error/progress line
-bt : show execution time statistics
-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include filenames
-m{Parameters} : set compression Method
-mmt[N] : set number of CPU threads
-o{Directory} : set Output directory
-p{Password} : set Password
-r[-|0] : Recurse subdirectories
-sa{a|e|s} : set Archive name mode
-scc{UTF-8|WIN|DOS} : set charset for for console input/output
-scs{UTF-8|UTF-16LE|UTF-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} : set charset for list files
-scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] : set hash function for x, e, h commands
-sdel : delete files after compression
-seml[.] : send archive by email
-sfx[{name}] : Create SFX archive
-si[{name}] : read data from stdin
-slp : set Large Pages mode
-slt : show technical information for l (List) command
-snh : store hard links as links
-snl : store symbolic links as links
-sni : store NT security information
-sns[-] : store NTFS alternate streams
-so : write data to stdout
-spd : disable wildcard matching for file names
-spe : eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command
-spf : use fully qualified file paths
-ssc[-] : set sensitive case mode
-ssw : compress shared files
-stl : set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file
-stm{HexMask} : set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number)
-stx{Type} : exclude archive type
-t{Type} : Set type of archive
-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] : Update options
-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] : Create volumes
-w[{path}] : assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory
-x[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude filenames
-y : assume Yes on all queries在MacOS中使用帮助命令
$ 7za --help
7-Zip (a) [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=utf8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,12 CPUs x64)
Usage: 7za <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...]
[<@listfiles...>]
<Commands>
a : Add files to archive
b : Benchmark
d : Delete files from archive
e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
h : Calculate hash values for files
i : Show information about supported formats
l : List contents of archive
rn : Rename files in archive
t : Test integrity of archive
u : Update files to archive
x : eXtract files with full paths
<Switches>
-- : Stop switches parsing
-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include archives
-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude archives
-ao{a|s|t|u} : set Overwrite mode
-an : disable archive_name field
-bb[0-3] : set output log level
-bd : disable progress indicator
-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} : set output stream for output/error/progress line
-bt : show execution time statistics
-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include filenames
-m{Parameters} : set compression Method
-mmt[N] : set number of CPU threads
-o{Directory} : set Output directory
-p{Password} : set Password
-r[-|0] : Recurse subdirectories
-sa{a|e|s} : set Archive name mode
-scc{UTF-8|WIN|DOS} : set charset for for console input/output
-scs{UTF-8|UTF-16LE|UTF-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} : set charset for list files
-scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] : set hash function for x, e, h commands
-sdel : delete files after compression
-seml[.] : send archive by email
-sfx[{name}] : Create SFX archive
-si[{name}] : read data from stdin
-slp : set Large Pages mode
-slt : show technical information for l (List) command
-snh : store hard links as links
-snl : store symbolic links as links
-sni : store NT security information
-sns[-] : store NTFS alternate streams
-so : write data to stdout
-spd : disable wildcard matching for file names
-spe : eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command
-spf : use fully qualified file paths
-ssc[-] : set sensitive case mode
-ssw : compress shared files
-stl : set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file
-stm{HexMask} : set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number)
-stx{Type} : exclude archive type
-t{Type} : Set type of archive
-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] : Update options
-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] : Create volumes
-w[{path}] : assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory
-x[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude filenames
-y : assume Yes on all queries现在，学会了吗？
有些时候，互联网免费工具，且用且珍惜❤️。
原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。
如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
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