builtins.TypeError:必须是字符串，而不是字节
builtins.TypeError:必须是字符串，而不是字节
提问于 2011-04-01 19:37:08
我已经将我的脚本从Python2.7转换到了3.2，但我有一个bug。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time
from datetime import date
from lxml import etree
from collections import OrderedDict
# Create the root element
page = etree.Element('results')
# Make a new document tree
doc = etree.ElementTree(page)
# Add the subelements
pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'Country',Tim = 'Now',
name='Germany', AnotherParameter = 'Bye',
Code='DE',
Storage='Basic')
pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'City',
name='Germany',
Code='PZ',
Storage='Basic',AnotherParameter = 'Hello')
# For multiple multiple attributes, use as shown above
# Save to XML file
outFile = open('output.xml', 'w')
doc.write(outFile) 在最后一行，我得到了这个错误：
builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes
File "C:\PythonExamples\XmlReportGeneratorExample.py", line 29, in <module>
doc.write(outFile)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 1853, in lxml.etree._ElementTree.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:44355)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 478, in lxml.etree._tofilelike (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:90649)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 282, in lxml.etree._ExceptionContext._raise_if_stored (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:7972)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 378, in lxml.etree._FilelikeWriter.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:89527)我已经安装了Python 3.2，并且已经安装了lxml-2.3.win32-py3.2.exe。
在Python 2.7上，它可以工作。
回答 2
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2011-04-01 21:12:16
输出文件应为二进制模式。
outFile = open('output.xml', 'wb')Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2017-04-22 13:23:32
将二进制文件转换为base64，反之亦然。在python 3.5.2中进行验证
import base64
read_file = open('/tmp/newgalax.png', 'rb')
data = read_file.read()
b64 = base64.b64encode(data)
print (b64)
# Save file
decode_b64 = base64.b64decode(b64)
out_file = open('/tmp/out_newgalax.png', 'wb')
out_file.write(decode_b64)
# Test in python 3.5.2页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5512811
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