blocks|key|990713|text|C语言不是一个软件，而是一个defined+standard，所以人们不会说它是开源的，而是说它是一个开放的标准。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|990714|然而，C语言有无数不同的编译器，其中许多确实是开源的。最著名的例子是GCC's+C+compiler，它完全遵循GNU+General+Public+License+(GPL)，这是一个开源许可证。|990715|还有更多的选择。例如，Watcom是开源的。开源C编译器并不缺乏，但毫无疑问，使用最广泛的是GCC，至少在非Windows世界中是这样。|990716|对于Windows，您最好的选择可能是Watcom或使用Cygwin或MinGW的GCC。|990717|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/|1|http://gcc.gnu.org/|2|http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html|3|http://www.openwatcom.org/index.php/Main_Page|4|http://cygwin.com/|5|http://www.mingw.org/^0|E|G|0|0|Y|G|1|1K|W|2|0|B|6|3|0|S|6|4|Z|5|5|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@$A|12|B|13|1|14]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@$A|16|B|17|1|18]|$A|19|B|1A|1|1B]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@$A|1D|B|1E|1|1F]]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@$A|1H|B|1I|1|1J]|$A|1K|B|1L|1|1M]]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|C|$P|Q]]|R|$5|M|N|O|C|$P|S]]|T|$5|M|N|O|C|$P|U]]|V|$5|M|N|O|C|$P|W]]|X|$5|M|N|O|C|$P|Y]]|Z|$5|M|N|O|C|$P|10]]]]

The C language is not a piece of software but a <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/" rel="noreferrer">defined standard</a>, so one wouldn't say that it's open-source, but rather that it's an open standard.

There are a gazillion different compilers for C however, and many of those are indeed open-source. The most notable example is <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/" rel="noreferrer">GCC's C compiler</a>, which is all under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" rel="noreferrer">GNU General Public License (GPL)</a>, an open-source license.

There are more options. <a href="http://www.openwatcom.org/index.php/Main_Page" rel="noreferrer">Watcom</a> is open-source, for instance. There is no shortage of open-source C compilers, but without a doubt the most widespread one, at least in the non-Windows world, is GCC.

For Windows, your best bet is probably Watcom or GCC by using <a href="http://cygwin.com" rel="noreferrer">Cygwin</a> or <a href="http://www.mingw.org/" rel="noreferrer">MinGW</a>.

blocks|key|776348|text|C是一个标准，它规定了C编译器应该如何生成程序。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|776349|C本身没有任何源代码，就像音符没有任何塑料一样。|776350|一些C编译器，如GCC，是开源的。|776351|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

C is a standard which specifies how C compilers should generate programs. 
C itself doesn't have any source code, just like a musical note doesn't have any plastic.

Some C compilers, such as GCC, are open source.

blocks|key|990933|text|C语言只是一种语言，也是一种标准化的语言。它在很大程度上是编译器“完成了所有的工作”。不同的编译器确实有不同的方言；在C99+ANSI标准之前，你有像Borland+C和其他竞争编译器这样的东西，它们以自己奇妙的方式实现了C语言。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|990934|stdlib只是任何ANSI实现中都必须存在的标准库的公认集合。|offset|length|style|CODE|990935|entityMap^0|0|0|6|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|K|8|@$D|L|E|M|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$]]

C is just a language, and a standardised one at that, too. It pretty much is the compiler that "does all the work". Different compilers did have different dialects; before the the C99 ANSI standard, you had things like Borland C and other competing compilers, that implemented the C language in their own fantastic ways.

<code>stdlib</code> is just an agreed-upon collection of standard libraries that are required to be present in any ANSI C implementation.

blocks|key|776566|text|再加上其他一些很棒的答案：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|776567|关于不同的方言--+C语言中添加了一些特定于编译器的附加特性。您可以向gcc提供命令行标志-std=...来指定您想要使用的C标准，每个标准对语法都有一些细微的变化/添加，最常见的可能是c99。|offset|length|style|CODE|776568|每个编译器都倾向于实现一些不同的额外功能，例如，typeof()不在C标准中，因此编译器不必实现它，但它仍然很有用，大多数编译器都提供了它。这是a+list+of+gcc+C+extensions|776569|stdlib是C标准中指定的一组函数。与编译器非常相似，stdlib可以有不同的实现。GNU实现是开源的，就像gcc一样，但还有其他编译器，可能是封闭源代码的其他stdlib实现。|776570|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Extensions.html^0|0|19|8|2L|3|0|O|8|20|Q|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@$D|V|E|W|F|G]|$D|X|E|Y|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|Z|8|@$D|10|E|11|F|G]]|9|@$D|12|E|13|1|14]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|S]]]]

To add on to the other great answers: 

Regarding different dialects -- there are some additional features added to C that are compiler specific. You can provide the command line flag <code>-std=...</code> to gcc to specify the C standard that you want to use, each has slight variations/additions to syntax, the most common is probably <code>c99</code>. 

Each compiler tends to implement a few different extras, for example, <code>typeof()</code> is not in the C standard and so compilers do not have to implement this but nevertheless it is useful and most compilers provide it. Here is <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Extensions.html" rel="nofollow">a list of gcc C extensions</a>

The stdlib is a set of functions specified in the C standard. Much like compilers, stdlib can have different implementations. The GNU implementation is open source, as is gcc, but there are other compilers and could be other implementations of stdlib that are closed source.

blocks|key|776419|text|编译器将确定从C到汇编的所有映射，等等。但是，只要拥有it.....noone的人真正拥有C语言，标准就是由ANSI/ISO决定的|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|776420|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

The Compiler would determine all the mappings from C to Assembly etc... but as far as someone owning it.....noone really owns C however the ANSI/ISO determines the standards

blocks|key|991094|text|一个非常好的问题。定义语言标准的There+is+a+way+(不是实现！)以“源代码”的形式，以严格且明确的语言。不幸的是，所有的旧语言，包括C语言，都是定义不好的。但仍有可能将这些定义转换为源代码形式。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|991095|另一种方法是通过语言的operational+semantics定义语言，通常采用简单(低效)引用实现的形式。|991096|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denotational_semantics|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_semantics^0|G|E|0|0|B|L|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]]]

A really good question. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denotational_semantics" rel="nofollow">There is a way</a> to define a language standard (not the implementation!) in a form of a "source code", in a strict and unambigous language. Unfortunately, all of the old languages, including C, are poorly defined. But it is still possible to translate that definitions into a source code form.

Another approach is to define a language via its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_semantics" rel="nofollow">operational semantics</a>, often in a form of a simple (and unefficient) reference implementation.

blocks|key|776745|text|Helgi+Hrafn+Gunnarsson写了主要的答案，但我认为值得注意的是，你也可以有效地使用方言。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|776746|编译器应该对他们支持的任何标准做同样的事情(这些天应该都是几乎相同的版本)，但是有灰色区域。例如，编译器处理“未定义”功能的方式。如果C规范说行为在特定情况下是未定义的，那么编译器可以做它想做的事情。|776747|也有编译器制造商添加到库(以及添加的新库)中的函数的示例，以支持特定的平台特性，创建竞争优势或只是为了让生活更容易。愤世嫉俗的人可能会建议，添加其中一些也是为了帮助将人们锁定在特定的编译器中。|776748|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson has written the main answer but I thought it would be worth noting that you can effectively end up with dialects too. 

The compilers should do the same thing with regards to whichever standard they support (which these days should be pretty much all the same version) but there are grey areas. The way in which the compilers work for 'undefined' functionality for example. If the C specification says that the behaviour is undefined for a specific case then the compiler can do pretty much what it wants. 

There are also examples of functions added to the libraries (and new libraries added) by the compiler makers to support specific platform traits, create a competitive advantage or simply to make life easier. The cynical might suggest that some of these are added to help lock people into a specific compiler too.

blocks|key|776817|text|我要说的是，C语言并不是开源的。正如许多人指出的那样，你可以免费下载GNU许可的编译器和库，但是如果你想编写自己的C编译器，你需要遵循ISO+C标准，ISO对C语言的规范收取硬通货，在发帖时是178美元。因此，答案实际上取决于你对自由和开源感兴趣的元素。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|776818|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

I would say that C as a language is not open source.
As pointed out by many, you can download GNU licensed compilers and libraries for free, but if you wanted to write your own C compiler, you would need to follow the ISO C standards, and ISO charge hard cash for the specification of the C language, which at the time of posting this is $178.
So really the answer depends on what elements you are interested in being free and open source.

blocks|key|991284|text|我不确定你对“开源”的定义是什么。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|991285|对于标准化进程，任何人都可以参与，但如果您想要能够投票，那么您需要付费加入您的国家机构(例如，美国的ANSI，英国的BSI，法国的AFNOR等)。通常，大多数标准机构的成员资格都是由公司支付的。也就是说，这个过程是相当开放的。您可以在标准web+site上访问讨论论文。|offset|length|991286|标准本身也不是免费的。ISO+pdf+store+currently+sells+the+C+standard+for+198+swiss+francs。该标准的草稿副本可以很容易地免费找到。|991287|有大量的编译器和库的开源实现。|991288|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/|1|https://www.iso.org/standard/74528.html^0|0|3B|8|0|0|B|1T|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$D|V|E|W|1|X]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$D|Z|E|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|Q]]|R|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|S]]]]

I'm not sure what your definitions of &quot;open source&quot; are.
For the standardization process, it is possible for anyone to participate, but if you want to be able to vote then you will need to pay to join your national body (for instance, ANSI for the USA, BSI for the UK, AFNOR for France etc.). As a rule most standards body memberships are paid by corporations. That said, the process is fairly open. You can access discussion papers on the standards <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">web site</a>.
The standards themselves are not free either. The <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/74528.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ISO pdf store currently sells the C standard for 198 swiss francs</a>. Draft copies of the standard can be found easily for free.
There are plenty of open source implementations of both compilers and libraries.

This is probably a stupid question, but I've been wondering about this for a while. Does C (or any other low-level language, for that matter) even have source, or is the compiler the part that "does all the work", including parsing? If so, couldn't different compilers have different C dialects? Where does the stdlib factor into this? I would really like to know how this works.

Is C open source?

编译器

Windows

这可能是一个愚蠢的问题，但我一直在想这个问题有一段时间了。C语言(或任何其他低级语言)是否有源代码，或者编译器是“完成所有工作”的部分，包括解析？如果是这样的话，不同的编译器不能有不同的C方言吗？stdlib的因素是什么呢？我真的很想知道这是如何工作的。

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