blocks|key|93089|text|使用实用程序file，示例用法：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|93090|+$+file+/bin/bash
+/bin/bash:+Mach-O+universal+binary+with+2+architectures
+/bin/bash+(for+architecture+x86_64):+++Mach-O+64-bit+executable+x86_64
+/bin/bash+(for+architecture+i386):+Mach-O+executable+i386

+$+file+/etc/passwd
+/etc/passwd:+ASCII+English+text

+$+file+code.c
+code.c:+ASCII+c+program+text|code-block|syntax|javascript|93091|file+manual+page|93092|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?file^0|6|4|0|0|0|4|0|G|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

Use utility <code>file</code>, sample usage:

<pre><code> $ file /bin/bash
 /bin/bash: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures
 /bin/bash (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
 /bin/bash (for architecture i386): Mach-O executable i386

 $ file /etc/passwd
 /etc/passwd: ASCII English text

 $ file code.c
 code.c: ASCII c program text
</code></pre>

<a href="http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?file" rel="noreferrer"><code>file</code> manual page</a>

blocks|key|93106|text|改编自excluding+binary+file|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|93107|find+.+-exec+file+{}+\;+%7C+grep+text+%7C+cut+-d:+-f1|code-block|syntax|javascript|93108|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-scripting/42573-search-files-excluding-binary-files.html^0|3|L|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

Adapted from <a href="http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-scripting/42573-search-files-excluding-binary-files.html">excluding binary file</a>

<pre><code>find . -exec file {} \; | grep text | cut -d: -f1
</code></pre>

blocks|key|310256|text|我使用|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|310257|!+grep+-qI+.+$path|code-block|syntax|javascript|310258|我能看到的唯一缺点是，它将考虑一个空的文件二进制文件，但话又说回来，谁来决定这是否是错误的呢？|310259|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

I use

<pre><code>! grep -qI . $path
</code></pre>

Only drawback I can see is that it will consider an empty file binary but then again, who decides if that is wrong?

blocks|key|310153|text|perl+-E+'exit((-B+$ARGV[0])?0:1);'+file-to-test|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|310154|可用于检查"file-+to+-test“是否为二进制。上面的命令将在二进制文件上退出wit代码0，否则退出代码将为1。|unstyled|310155|文本文件的反向检查可能类似于以下命令：|310156|perl+-E+'exit((-T+$ARGV[0])?0:1);'+file-to-test|310157|同样，如果"file-to-test“是文本(不是二进制)，则上面的命令将以状态0退出。|310158|阅读有关使用命令perldoc+-f+-X进行-B和-T检查的更多信息。|offset|length|style|CODE|310159|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|8|D|N|2|Q|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|F|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|F|7|Z|8|@$O|10|P|11|Q|R]|$O|12|P|13|Q|R]|$O|14|P|15|Q|R]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|F|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$]]

<pre><code>perl -E 'exit((-B $ARGV[0])?0:1);' file-to-test
</code></pre>

Could be used to check whenever "file-to-test" is binary. The above command will exit wit code 0 on binary files, otherwise the exit code would be 1.

The reverse check for text file can look like the following command:

<pre><code>perl -E 'exit((-T $ARGV[0])?0:1);' file-to-test
</code></pre>

Likewise the above command will exit with status 0 if the "file-to-test" is text (not binary).

Read more about the <code>-B</code> and <code>-T</code> checks using command <code>perldoc -f -X</code>.

blocks|key|310125|text|最好在使用-f文件测试操作符确定它是一个普通文件之后，使用Perl内置的-T文件测试操作符：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|310126|$+perl+-le+'for+(@ARGV)+{+print+if+-f+&&+-T+}'+\
++++getwinsz.c+a.out+/etc/termcap+/bin+/bin/cat+\
++++/dev/tty+/usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC+/etc/motd
getwinsz.c
/etc/termcap
/etc/motd|code-block|syntax|javascript|310127|下面是这组代码的补充：|310128|$+perl+-le+'for+(@ARGV)+{+print+unless+-f+&&+-T+}'+\
++++getwinsz.c+a.out+/etc/termcap+/bin+/bin/cat+\
++++/dev/tty+/usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC+/etc/motd
a.out
/bin
/bin/cat
/dev/tty
/usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC|310129|entityMap^0|5|2|10|2|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]|$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

Use Perl’s built-in <code>-T</code> file test operator, preferably after ascertaining that it is a plain file using the <code>-f</code> file test operator:

<pre><code>$ perl -le 'for (@ARGV) { print if -f &amp;&amp; -T }' \
 getwinsz.c a.out /etc/termcap /bin /bin/cat \
 /dev/tty /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/motd
getwinsz.c
/etc/termcap
/etc/motd
</code></pre>

Here’s the complement of that set:

<pre><code>$ perl -le 'for (@ARGV) { print unless -f &amp;&amp; -T }' \
 getwinsz.c a.out /etc/termcap /bin /bin/cat \
 /dev/tty /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/motd
a.out
/bin
/bin/cat
/dev/tty
/usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC
</code></pre>

blocks|key|93253|text|尝试以下命令行：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|93254|file+"$FILE"+%7C+grep+-vq+'ASCII'+&&+echo+"$FILE+is+binary"|code-block|syntax|javascript|93255|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Try the following command-line:

<pre><code>file "$FILE" | grep -vq 'ASCII' &amp;&amp; echo "$FILE is binary"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|310196|text|使用tr+-d+"[[:print:]\n\t]"+<+file+%7C+wc+-c排除二进制文件是一种蛮力，但这也不是启发式的猜测。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|310197|find+.+-type+f+-maxdepth+1+-exec+/bin/sh+-c+'
+++for+file+in+"$@";+do
++++++if+[+$(LC_ALL=C+LANG=C+tr+-d+"[[:print:]\n\t]"+<+"$file"+%7C+wc+-c)+-gt+0+];+then
+++++++++echo+"${file}+is+no+ASCII+text+file+(UNIX)"
++++++else
+++++++++echo+"${file}+is+ASCII+text+file+(UNIX)"
++++++fi
+++done
'+_+'{}'+%2B|code-block|syntax|javascript|310198|不过，下面使用grep+-a+-m+1+$'[%5E[:print:]\t]'+file的暴力方法似乎要快一些。|310199|find+.+-type+f+-maxdepth+1+-exec+/bin/sh+-c+'
+++tab="$(printf+"\t")"
+++for+file+in+"$@";+do
++++++if+LC_ALL=C+LANG=C+grep+-a+-m+1+"[%5E[:print:]${tab}]"+"$file"+1>/dev/null+2>&1;+then
+++++++++echo+"${file}+is+no+ASCII+text+file+(UNIX)"
++++++else
+++++++++echo+"${file}+is+ASCII+text+file+(UNIX)"
++++++fi
+++done
'+_+'{}'+%2B+|310200|entityMap^0|2|12|0|0|7|Z|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

It's kind of brute force to exclude binary files with <code>tr -d "[[:print:]\n\t]" &lt; file | wc -c</code>, but it is no heuristic guesswork either.

<pre><code>find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -exec /bin/sh -c '
 for file in "$@"; do
 if [ $(LC_ALL=C LANG=C tr -d "[[:print:]\n\t]" &lt; "$file" | wc -c) -gt 0 ]; then
 echo "${file} is no ASCII text file (UNIX)"
 else
 echo "${file} is ASCII text file (UNIX)"
 fi
 done
' _ '{}' +
</code></pre>

The following brute-force approach using <code>grep -a -m 1 $'[^[:print:]\t]' file</code> seems quite a bit faster, though.

<pre><code>find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -exec /bin/sh -c '
 tab="$(printf "\t")"
 for file in "$@"; do
 if LC_ALL=C LANG=C grep -a -m 1 "[^[:print:]${tab}]" "$file" 1&gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1; then
 echo "${file} is no ASCII text file (UNIX)"
 else
 echo "${file} is ASCII text file (UNIX)"
 fi
 done
' _ '{}' + 
</code></pre>

blocks|key|93303|text|您也可以通过利用diff命令来执行此操作。检查以下答案：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|93304|https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/275516/is-there-a-convenient-way-to-classify-files-as-binary-or-text#answer-402870|93305|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|8|4|0|0|3F|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|R|8|@]|D|@$9|S|A|T|1|U]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|E|$N|G]]]]

You can do this also by leveraging the <code>diff</code> command. Check this answer:

<a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/275516/is-there-a-convenient-way-to-classify-files-as-binary-or-text#answer-402870">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/275516/is-there-a-convenient-way-to-classify-files-as-binary-or-text#answer-402870</a>

blocks|key|93312|text|也许这就足够了..。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|93313|if+!+file+/path/to/file+%7C+grep+-iq+ASCII+;+then
++++echo+"Binary"
fi

if+file+/path/to/file+%7C+grep+-iq+ASCII+;+then
++++echo+"Text+file"
fi|code-block|syntax|javascript|93314|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Perhaps this would suffice .. 

<pre><code>if ! file /path/to/file | grep -iq ASCII ; then
 echo "Binary"
fi

if file /path/to/file | grep -iq ASCII ; then
 echo "Text file"
fi
</code></pre>

How can I know if a file is a binary file?

For example, compiled c file.

I want to read all files from some directory, but I want ignore binary files.

How to check if the file is a binary file and read all the files which are not?

Perl

如何知道文件是否为二进制文件？例如，编译的c文件。我想从某个目录中读取所有文件，但我想忽略二进制文件。

问如何检查文件是否为二进制文件，并读取所有不是二进制文件的文件？
EN

回答 9

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问如何检查文件是否为二进制文件，并读取所有不是二进制文件的文件？EN

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问如何检查文件是否为二进制文件，并读取所有不是二进制文件的文件？
EN