blocks|key|966728|text|无论如何，pydot都需要安装GraphViz二进制文件，所以如果您已经生成了点文件，那么您也可以自己直接调用点。例如：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|966729|from+subprocess+import+check_call
check_call(['dot','-Tpng','InputFile.dot','-o','OutputFile.png'])|code-block|syntax|javascript|966730|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://code.google.com/p/pydot/^0|5|5|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pydot/" rel="noreferrer">pydot</a> needs the GraphViz binaries to be installed anyway, so if you've already generated your dot file you might as well just invoke dot directly yourself. For example:

<pre><code>from subprocess import check_call
check_call(['dot','-Tpng','InputFile.dot','-o','OutputFile.png'])
</code></pre>

blocks|key|966795|text|使用pydot.graph_from_dot_file加载文件以获取pydot.Dot类实例。然后使用write_png方法将其写入PNG文件。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|966796|import+pydot

(graph,)+=+pydot.graph_from_dot_file('somefile.dot')
graph.write_png('somefile.png')|code-block|syntax|javascript|966797|entityMap^0|2|P|Y|9|1F|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]|$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

Load the file with <code>pydot.graph_from_dot_file</code> to get a <code>pydot.Dot</code> class instance. Then write it to a PNG file with the <code>write_png</code> method.

<pre><code>import pydot

(graph,) = pydot.graph_from_dot_file('somefile.dot')
graph.write_png('somefile.png')
</code></pre>

blocks|key|751254|text|您可以使用pygraphviz。加载图形后，您可以执行以下操作|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|751255|graph.draw('file.png')|code-block|syntax|javascript|751256|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://networkx.lanl.gov/pygraphviz/^0|5|A|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

You can use <a href="http://networkx.lanl.gov/pygraphviz/" rel="noreferrer">pygraphviz</a>. Once you have a graph loaded, you can do

<pre><code>graph.draw('file.png')
</code></pre>

blocks|key|966799|text|您可以尝试：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|966800|import+os
os.environ["PATH"]+%2B=+os.pathsep+%2B+'C:/Program+Files+(x86)/Graphviz2.38/bin/'
os.system('dot+-Tpng+random.dot+-o+random.png')|code-block|syntax|javascript|966801|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You can try:

<pre><code>import os
os.environ["PATH"] += os.pathsep + 'C:/Program Files (x86)/Graphviz2.38/bin/'
os.system('dot -Tpng random.dot -o random.png')
</code></pre>

blocks|key|751319|text|您可以使用graphviz|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|751320|#+Convert+a+.dot+file+to+.png
from+graphviz+import+render
render('dot',+'png',+'fname.dot')

#+To+render+an+existing+file+in+a+notebook
from+graphviz+import+Source
Source.from_file("fname.dot")|code-block|syntax|javascript|751321|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://graphviz.readthedocs.io/en/stable/manual.html#existing-files^0|5|8|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

You can use <a href="https://graphviz.readthedocs.io/en/stable/manual.html#existing-files" rel="nofollow noreferrer">graphviz</a>:

<pre><code># Convert a .dot file to .png
from graphviz import render
render('dot', 'png', 'fname.dot')

# To render an existing file in a notebook
from graphviz import Source
Source.from_file("fname.dot")
</code></pre>

blocks|key|751398|text|第一个解决方案)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|751399|进一步使用@Mauricio+Carrero的方法，在脚本中设置路径(在环境变量中设置的相同路径不具有此效果！)：|751400|import+os
import+pydotplus
from+sklearn.tree+import+export_graphviz

os.environ['PATH']+=+os.environ['PATH']%2B';'+%2B+r'C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\Library\bin\graphviz'

#+first+export+the+dot+file+only+if+needed
export_graphviz(clf,+out_file=filename+%2B+".dot",+feature_names+=+feature_names)
#+now+generate+the+dot_data+again
dot_data+=+export_graphviz(clf,+out_file=None,+feature_names+=+feature_names)
graph+=+pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data)
graph.write_png(filename+%2B+"_gv.png")|code-block|syntax|javascript|751401|这使得将dot_data保存为png成为可能。选择您自己的本地路径，您可能已经在`C:/Program+Files+(x86)/Graphviz2.38/bin/中安装了graphviz|751402|这个解决方案也来自Sarunas的回答：https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not|offset|length|751403|第二种解决方案)|751404|你也可以避免这个错误|751405|Exception+has+occurred:+InvocationException
GraphViz's+executables+not+found|751406|通过简单地给它它想要的东西，因为它请求的是graphviz对象的可执行文件：|751407|graph+=+pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data)
#+graph+is+now+a+new+Dot+object!
#+That+is+why+we+need+to+set_graphviz_executables+for+every+new+instance
#+This+cannot+be+set+globally+but+must+be+set+again+and+again
#+that+is+why+the+PATH+solution+(1st+Solution)+above+seems+much+better+to+me
#+see+the+docs+in+https://pydotplus.readthedocs.io/reference.html
pathCur+=+'C:\\Program+Files+(x86)\\Graphviz2.38\\bin\\'
graph.set_graphviz_executables({'dot':+pathCur%2B'dot.exe',+'twopi':+pathCur+%2B'twopi.exe',+'neato':+pathCur%2B'neato.exe',+'circo':+pathCur%2B'circo.exe',+'fdp':+pathCur%2B'fdp.exe'})
graph.write_png(filename+%2B+"_gv.png")|751408|附言:经过2个小时的错误安装校准和完全卸载后，这两种方法是唯一对我有效的解决方案，所有的路径变量、外部和内部的graphviz安装、python-graphviz和python-graphviz以及我可以在这里、Convert+decision+tree+directly+to+png或https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not?newreg=a789aadc5d4b4975949afadd3919fe55中找到的所有解决方案|751409|对于conda+python-graphviz，我经常收到安装错误，比如|751410|InvalidArchiveError('Error+with+archive+C:\\Users\\Admin\\Anaconda3\\pkgs\\openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_20ffr2kor\\pkg-openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_2.tar.zst.++You+probably+need+to+delete+and+re-download+or+re-create+this+file.++Message+from+libarchive+was:\n\nCould+not+unlink')|751411|对于conda+install+graphviz，我得到了|751412|InvalidArchiveError('Error+with+archive+C:\\Users\\Admin\\Anaconda3\\pkgs\\openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_21ww0bpcs\\pkg-openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_2.tar.zst.++You+probably+need+to+delete+and+re-download+or+re-create+this+file.++Message+from+libarchive+was:\n\nCould+not+unlink')|751413|pygraphviz需要MS+Visual+C%2B%2B，而我不想安装它：|751414|error:+Microsoft+Visual+C%2B%2B+14.0+is+required.+Get+it+with+"Microsoft+Visual+C%2B%2B+Build+Tools":+https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/|751415|最后，除了第一种解决方案方法之外，没有任何指南真正正确地设置路径变量。|751416|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not|1|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39825699/convert-decision-tree-directly-to-png|2|https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not?newreg=a789aadc5d4b4975949afadd3919fe55^0|0|0|0|0|K|3N|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|2Y|11|1|40|4R|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1U|8|@]|9|@$M|1V|N|1W|1|1X]]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|F|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|21|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|F|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@$M|24|N|25|1|26]|$M|27|N|28|1|29]]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|2A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|F|7|2B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|14|3|15|5|6|7|2C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|16|3|17|5|F|7|2D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|18|3|19|5|6|7|2E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|F|7|2F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|6|7|2G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1E|3|-4|5|6|7|2H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1F|$1G|$5|1H|1I|1J|A|$1K|1L]]|1M|$5|1H|1I|1J|A|$1K|1N]]|1O|$5|1H|1I|1J|A|$1K|1P]]]]

1st Solution)

Going further with the approach of @Mauricio Carrero by setting the PATH inside the script (the same PATH set in the environment variables does not have this effect!):

<pre><code>import os
import pydotplus
from sklearn.tree import export_graphviz

os.environ['PATH'] = os.environ['PATH']+';' + r'C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\Library\bin\graphviz'

# first export the dot file only if needed
export_graphviz(clf, out_file=filename + ".dot", feature_names = feature_names)
# now generate the dot_data again
dot_data = export_graphviz(clf, out_file=None, feature_names = feature_names)
graph = pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data)
graph.write_png(filename + "_gv.png")
</code></pre>

This made it possible to save the dot_data to png. Choose your own local paths, you might also have installed graphviz in `C:/Program Files (x86)/Graphviz2.38/bin/

This solution also came from Sarunas answer here:
<a href="https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not">https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not</a>

2nd Solution)

You can also avoid the error 

<pre><code>Exception has occurred: InvocationException
GraphViz's executables not found
</code></pre>

by simply giving it what it wants, as it asks for the executables of the graphviz object: 

<pre><code>graph = pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data)
# graph is now a new Dot object!
# That is why we need to set_graphviz_executables for every new instance
# This cannot be set globally but must be set again and again
# that is why the PATH solution (1st Solution) above seems much better to me
# see the docs in https://pydotplus.readthedocs.io/reference.html
pathCur = 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Graphviz2.38\\bin\\'
graph.set_graphviz_executables({'dot': pathCur+'dot.exe', 'twopi': pathCur +'twopi.exe', 'neato': pathCur+'neato.exe', 'circo': pathCur+'circo.exe', 'fdp': pathCur+'fdp.exe'})
graph.write_png(filename + "_gv.png")
</code></pre>

p.s:
These 2 approaches were the only solutions working for me after 2 hours of calibrating erroneuos installations and full uninstall and install again, all varieties of PATH variables, external and internal graphviz installation, python-graphviz, pygraphviz and all of the solutions I could find in here, or in
<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39825699/convert-decision-tree-directly-to-png">Convert decision tree directly to png</a>
or in
<a href="https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not?newreg=a789aadc5d4b4975949afadd3919fe55">https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/37428/graphviz-not-working-when-imported-inside-pydotplus-graphvizs-executables-not?newreg=a789aadc5d4b4975949afadd3919fe55</a>

For conda python-graphviz, I got constant installation errors like 

<pre><code>InvalidArchiveError('Error with archive C:\\Users\\Admin\\Anaconda3\\pkgs\\openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_20ffr2kor\\pkg-openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_2.tar.zst. You probably need to delete and re-download or re-create this file. Message from libarchive was:\n\nCould not unlink')
</code></pre>

For conda install graphviz, I got

<pre><code>InvalidArchiveError('Error with archive C:\\Users\\Admin\\Anaconda3\\pkgs\\openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_21ww0bpcs\\pkg-openssl-1.1.1d-he774522_2.tar.zst. You probably need to delete and re-download or re-create this file. Message from libarchive was:\n\nCould not unlink')
</code></pre>

pygraphviz needs MS Visual C++ which I did not want to install:

<pre><code>error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
</code></pre>

In the end, no guide was working to really set the PATH variables correctly except for the 1st Solution approach.

I have a dot file generated from my code and want to render it in my output. For this i have seen on the net that the command is something like this on <code>cmd</code>

<pre><code>dot -Tpng InputFile.dot -o OutputFile.png for Graphviz
</code></pre>

But my problem is that I want to use this inbuilt in my python program.

How can i do so ??

I looked at pydot but can't seem to find an answer in there.....

Converting dot to png in python

我有一个从我的代码生成的点文件，并希望在我的输出中呈现它。为此，我在网上看到cmd上的命令是这样的dot -Tpng InputFile.dot -o OutputFile.png  for Graphviz但我的问题是，我想在我的python程序中使用这个内置函数。我该怎么做呢?？我看了看pydot，但似乎找不到答案……

问在python中将dot转换为png
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