blocks|key|1081513|text|使用socket及其gethostname()功能。这将获取运行Python解释器的计算机的hostname：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1081514|import+socket
print(socket.gethostname())|code-block|syntax|javascript|1081515|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html|1|http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.gethostname^0|2|6|A|D|1A|8|2|6|0|A|D|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@$9|11|A|12|1|13]|$9|14|A|15|1|16]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|E|$Q|R]]|S|$5|N|O|P|E|$Q|T]]]]

Use <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html" rel="noreferrer"><code>socket</code></a> and its <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.gethostname" rel="noreferrer"><code>gethostname()</code></a> functionality. This will get the <code>hostname</code> of the computer where the Python interpreter is running:

<pre><code>import socket
print(socket.gethostname())
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1081539|text|如果我没记错，您要查找的是socket.gethostname函数：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1081540|>>+import+socket
>>+socket.gethostname()
'terminus'|code-block|syntax|javascript|1081541|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

If I'm correct, you're looking for the socket.gethostname function:

<pre><code>&gt;&gt; import socket
&gt;&gt; socket.gethostname()
'terminus'
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1081609|text|socket.gethostname()可以做到|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1081610|entityMap^0|0|K|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

<code>socket.gethostname()</code> could do

blocks|key|867020|text|在某些系统上，主机名是在环境中设置的。如果您遇到这种情况，os+module可以通过os.getenv将其从环境中拉出。例如，如果HOSTNAME是包含您想要的内容的环境变量，则以下内容将获取它：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|867021|import+os
system_name+=+os.getenv('HOSTNAME')|code-block|syntax|javascript|867022|更新:正如评论中指出的，这并不总是有效的，因为不是每个人的环境都是这样设置的。我相信，在我最初回答这个问题的时候，我正在使用这个解决方案，因为它是我在网络搜索中找到的第一个东西，而且当时它对我很有效。由于缺乏可移植性，我现在可能不会使用它。但是，我将此答案留作参考。FWIW，如果您的环境具有系统名称，并且您已经在导入os模块，那么它确实消除了对其他导入的需要。测试它--如果它不能在您期望程序运行的所有环境中工作，请使用提供的其他解决方案之一。|867023|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/os.html|1|http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenv^0|T|9|0|16|9|1|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$A|V|B|W|1|X]|$A|Y|B|Z|1|10]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|R]]|S|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|T]]]]

On some systems, the hostname is set in the environment. If that is the case for you, the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/os.html" rel="nofollow">os module</a> can pull it out of the environment via <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.getenv" rel="nofollow">os.getenv</a>. For example, if HOSTNAME is the environment variable containing what you want, the following will get it:

<pre><code>import os
system_name = os.getenv('HOSTNAME')
</code></pre>

Update: As noted in the comments, this doesn't always work, as not everyone's environment is set up this way. I believe that at the time I initially answered this I was using this solution as it was the first thing I'd found in a web search and it worked for me at the time. Due to the lack of portability I probably wouldn't use this now. However, I am leaving this answer for reference purposes. FWIW, it does eliminate the need for other imports if your environment has the system name and you are already importing the os module. Test it - if it doesn't work in all the environments in which you expect your program to operate, use one of the other solutions provided.

blocks|key|1081776|text|这两个都是非常便携的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1081777|import+platform
platform.node()

import+socket
socket.gethostname()|code-block|syntax|javascript|1081778|任何使用HOST或HOSTNAME环境变量的解决方案都是不可移植的。即使当您运行它时，它在您的系统上也可以工作，但当在特殊环境中运行时，它可能无法工作。|offset|length|style|CODE|1081779|entityMap^0|0|0|4|4|9|8|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@$I|R|J|S|K|L]|$I|T|J|U|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

Both of these are pretty portable:

<pre><code>import platform
platform.node()

import socket
socket.gethostname()
</code></pre>

Any solutions using the <code>HOST</code> or <code>HOSTNAME</code> environment variables are not portable. Even if it works on your system when you run it, it may not work when run in special environments such as cron.

blocks|key|867171|text|下面是什么：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|867172|import+platform

h+=+platform.uname()[1]|code-block|syntax|javascript|867173|实际上，您可能需要查看platform.uname()中的所有结果|offset|length|style|CODE|867174|entityMap^0|0|0|B|G|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@$I|R|J|S|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

What about :

<pre><code>import platform

h = platform.uname()[1]
</code></pre>

Actually you may want to have a look to all the result in <code>platform.uname()</code>

blocks|key|867214|text|您可能无论如何都会加载os模块，因此另一个建议是：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|867215|import+os
myhost+=+os.uname()[1]|code-block|syntax|javascript|867216|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You will probably load the os module anyway, so another suggestion would be:

<pre><code>import os
myhost = os.uname()[1]
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1081950|text|至少来自python+>=+3.3|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1081951|您可以使用字段nodename，并避免使用数组索引：|style|CODE|1081952|os.uname().nodename|code-block|syntax|javascript|1081953|尽管，即使是os.uname的文档也建议使用socket.gethostname()|1081954|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/os.html#os.uname|1|https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/os.html#os.uname^0|4|D|0|0|7|8|0|0|M|K|6|8|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$A|Z|B|10|1|11]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|12|8|@$A|13|B|14|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|16|8|@$A|17|B|18|F|G]]|9|@$A|19|B|1A|1|1B]]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|V]]|W|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|X]]]]

From at least <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/os.html#os.uname" rel="noreferrer">python >= 3.3</a>:

You can use the field <code>nodename</code> and avoid using array indexing:

<pre><code>os.uname().nodename
</code></pre>

Although, even the documentation of <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/os.html#os.uname" rel="noreferrer">os.uname</a> suggests using <code>socket.gethostname()</code>

blocks|key|1081978|text|您必须执行这行代码|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1081979|sock_name+=+socket.gethostname()|code-block|syntax|javascript|1081980|然后，您可以使用名称来查找地址：|1081981|print(socket.gethostbyname(sock_name))|1081982|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

You have to execute this line of code

<pre><code>sock_name = socket.gethostname()
</code></pre>

And then you can use the name to find the addr :

<pre><code>print(socket.gethostbyname(sock_name))
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1082001|text|要获得完全限定的主机名，请使用socket.getfqdn()|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1082002|import+socket

print+socket.getfqdn()|code-block|syntax|javascript|1082003|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

To get fully qualified hostname use socket.getfqdn()
<pre><code>import socket

print socket.getfqdn()
</code></pre>

I'm writing a chat program for a local network. I would like be able to identify computers and get the user-set computer name with Python.

How can I use Python to get the system hostname?

我正在为一个本地网络写一个聊天程序。我希望能够识别计算机并使用Python获取用户设置的计算机名称。

问如何使用Python获取系统主机名？
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