blocks|key|2526411|text|我在我的笔记本电脑上实现了这个功能，所以我希望它也能在你的电脑上运行。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2526412|模块1.py|offset|length|style|BOLD|2526413|import+sys
from+os+import+path

sys.path.append(path.join(path.dirname(__file__),+'..'))
from+app+import+print_app


print_app()|code-block|syntax|javascript|2526414|app.py:|2526415|def+print_app():
++++print('success')
++++return+None|2526416|结果：|2526417|$python+module1.py+

'success'|2526418|entityMap^0|0|0|6|0|0|0|7|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|X|8|@$D|Y|E|Z|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|11|8|@$D|12|E|13|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|J|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|V|$]]

I got this working on my laptop so I hope it works on your side as well.

module1.py

<pre><code>import sys
from os import path

sys.path.append(path.join(path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
from app import print_app


print_app()
</code></pre>

app.py:

<pre><code>def print_app():
 print('success')
 return None
</code></pre>

Result:

<pre><code>$python module1.py 

'success'
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2314598|text|Python的标准包结构如下所示：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2314599|c:\srv\tmp>+tree+project
project
%7C--+project
%7C+++%7C--+__init__.py
%7C+++%7C--+app.py
%7C+++`--+package1
%7C+++++++%7C--+__init__.py
%7C+++++++`--+module1.py
`--+setup.py|code-block|syntax|javascript|2314600|其中，项目根c:\srv\tmp\project包含一个setup.py文件和一个子目录，该子目录也称为project，其中包含源代码。|offset|length|style|CODE|2314601|module1.py的内容|2314602|from+..+import+app

def+module1_fn():
++++print("In+module1,+have+imported+app+as:",+app)|2314603|和setup.py的内容|2314604|from+setuptools+import+setup

setup(
++++name='project',
++++packages=['project'],++++#+where+to+find+sources
++++entry_points={
++++++++'console_scripts':+"""
++++++++++++module1-fn+=+project.package1.module1:module1_fn
++++++++"""
++++}
)|2314605|现在是“神奇”部分，从包含setup.py的目录中运行(注意末尾的.+)：|2314606|c:\srv\tmp\project>+pip+install+-e+.
Obtaining+file:///C:/srv/tmp/project
Installing+collected+packages:+project
++Running+setup.py+develop+for+project
Successfully+installed+project|2314607|现在，您可以从任何目录运行以下命令：|2314608|c:\srv\tmp\project>+module1-fn
In+module1,+have+imported+app+as:+<module+'project.app'+from+'c:\srv\tmp\project\project\app.pyc'>|2314609|即。module1-fn可以直接从外壳(！)调用，from+..+import+app直接工作(！！)|2314610|entityMap^0|0|0|6|I|S|8|1G|7|0|0|A|0|0|1|8|0|0|D|8|X|1|0|0|0|0|2|A|P|I|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|18|8|@$I|19|J|1A|K|L]|$I|1B|J|1C|K|L]|$I|1D|J|1E|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1F|8|@$I|1G|J|1H|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1J|8|@$I|1K|J|1L|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|D|7|1M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1N|8|@$I|1O|J|1P|K|L]|$I|1Q|J|1R|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|D|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|D|7|1U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|1V|8|@$I|1W|J|1X|K|L]|$I|1Y|J|1Z|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|-4|5|6|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|15|$]]

A standard package structure for Python looks like this:

<pre><code>c:\srv\tmp&gt; tree project
project
|-- project
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- app.py
| `-- package1
| |-- __init__.py
| `-- module1.py
`-- setup.py
</code></pre>

where the project-root <code>c:\srv\tmp\project</code> contains a <code>setup.py</code> file and a subdirectory that is also named <code>project</code> containing the source code.

The contents of <code>module1.py</code>:

<pre><code>from .. import app

def module1_fn():
 print("In module1, have imported app as:", app)
</code></pre>

and the contents of <code>setup.py</code>:

<pre><code>from setuptools import setup

setup(
 name='project',
 packages=['project'], # where to find sources
 entry_points={
 'console_scripts': """
 module1-fn = project.package1.module1:module1_fn
 """
 }
)
</code></pre>

now the "magic" part, from the directory containing <code>setup.py</code> run (note the <code>.</code> at the end):

<pre><code>c:\srv\tmp\project&gt; pip install -e .
Obtaining file:///C:/srv/tmp/project
Installing collected packages: project
 Running setup.py develop for project
Successfully installed project
</code></pre>

And now, from any directory, you can run:

<pre><code>c:\srv\tmp\project&gt; module1-fn
In module1, have imported app as: &lt;module 'project.app' from 'c:\srv\tmp\project\project\app.pyc'&gt;
</code></pre>

ie. <code>module1-fn</code> can be called directly from the shell(!), and <code>from .. import app</code> works directly(!!)

I can't seem to figure out how to fix the error below when trying to import a file from one directory up and it's making me crazy. Python 3.6.7.

Here's how <code>The Internet</code> says it should be done, one directory up:

<pre><code>from .. import app
</code></pre>

Here's the error:

<pre><code>Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "module1.py", line 16, in &lt;module&gt;
 from .. import app
ValueError: attempted relative import beyond top-level package
</code></pre>

Here's the dir structure (It should be noted that I'm calling the script <code>module1.py</code> from inside <code>package1</code>):

<pre><code>--- project/
 --- __init__.py
 --- app.py
 --- package1/
 --- __init__.py
 --- module1.py
</code></pre>

Here's what I've tried to fix it:

Method 1 (same error)

<pre><code>import sys

HERE = Path(__file__).parent
sys.path.append(str(HERE / '../'))
from .. import app
</code></pre>

Method 2 <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30669474/beyond-top-level-package-error-in-relative-import">(found here</a>, same error)

<pre><code>import os
import sys

sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
from .. import app
</code></pre>

Method 3 ( also <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30669474/beyond-top-level-package-error-in-relative-import">found here</a>, same error)

<pre><code>import sys

sys.path.append('.')
from .. import app
</code></pre>

cannot import package from one directory up

Python

当我试图从一个目录导入一个文件时，我似乎不知道如何修复下面的错误，这让我发疯。Python 3.6.7。下面是The Internet所说的应该怎么做，一个目录：from .. import app下面是错误：Traceback (most recent call last):  File "module1.py", ...

问无法从上一个目录导入包
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