我正在做一个包含许多本机模块的大型项目,我想介绍一下C++代码的单元测试,这些测试与JUnit本地测试一样简单/快速(例如,在主机操作系统上运行,而不是插装)。
我已经按照official instructions设置了gtest,但是运行我的外部原生构建会导致链接器错误:
> Task :app:externalNativeBuildDebug FAILED
Build GoogleTests x86_64
[1/2] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/GoogleTests.dir/googletest_unittests/shared/TautologyTe
sts.cpp.o
[2/2] Linking CXX executable GoogleTests
FAILED: cmd.exe /C "cd . && C:\Users\Jeffrey.Creswell\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\ndk-bundle\toolchains\llvm\prebuilt\windows-x86_64\bin\clang++.exe --target=x86_64-none-linux-android21 --gcc-toolchain=C:/Users/Jeffrey.Creswell/AppData/Local/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/windows-x86_64 --sysroot=C:/Users/Jeffrey.Creswell/AppData/Local/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/windows-x86_64/sysroot -g -DANDROID -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -no-canonical-prefixes -fno-addrsig -Wa,--noexecstack -Wformat -Werror=format-security -stdlib=libc++ -std=c++14 -O0 -fno-limit-debug-info -Wl,--exclude-libs,libgcc.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libatomic.a -static-libstdc++ -Wl,--build-id -Wl,--warn-shared-textrel -Wl,--fatal-warnings -Wl,--no-undefined -Qunused-arguments -Wl,-z,noexecstack -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -Wl,--gc-sections CMakeFiles/GoogleTests.dir/googletest_unittests/shared/TautologyTests.cpp.o CMakeFiles/GoogleTests.dir/googletest_unittests/Tautology.cpp.o -o GoogleTests C:/Users/Jeffrey.Creswell/androidstudio_projects/NativeAndroidSandbox/app/src/main/cpp/googletest_unittests/libs/windows/x86_64/gtestd.lib -latomic -lm && cd ."
C:\Users\Jeffrey.Creswell\androidstudio_projects\NativeAndroidSandbox\app\src\main\cpp\googletest_unittests\shared/TautologyTests.cpp:19: error: undefined reference to 'testing::internal::GetTestTypeId()'
C:\Users\Jeffrey.Creswell\androidstudio_projects\NativeAndroidSandbox\app\src\main\cpp\googletest_unittests\shared/TautologyTests.cpp:19: error: undefined reference to 'testing::internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(char const*, char const*, char const*, char const*, testing::internal::CodeLocation, void const*, void (*)(), void (*)(), testing::internal::TestFactoryBase*)'
...
我在Visual Studio中构建了gtestd.lib,并将其引用为CMakeLists.txt中的预置,以尝试在一定程度上简化等式:
# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html
# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
native-lib
# Sets the library as a shared library.
SHARED
# Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
native-lib.cpp)
set(gtest_INC googletest_unittests/include)
include_directories(${gtest_INC})
add_library(gtest STATIC IMPORTED)
set_property(TARGET gtest PROPERTY IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest_unittests/libs/windows/x86_64/gtestd.lib)
add_executable(GoogleTests
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest_unittests/shared/TautologyTests.cpp
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest_unittests/Tautology.cpp)
target_link_libraries(GoogleTests gtest)
# todo: insert add_test() cmake commands once the linker error above is resolved
# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
log-lib
# Specifies the name of the NDK library that
# you want CMake to locate.
log)
# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
native-lib
# Links the target library to the log library
# included in the NDK.
${log-lib})
我认为主要的问题是clang++.exe
的参数"--target=x86_64-none-linux-android21"
;它意味着编译针对安卓/Linux的测试可执行文件,而我真正想要的是针对主机操作系统(Windows10)进行编译。我不知道这是否会产生我所看到的链接器错误,但是尝试将Linux可执行文件链接到Windows静态库似乎也会同样失败。我如何告诉Android NDK的clang++以主机操作系统为目标(理想情况下是通过修改我的CMakeLists.txt
)?假设这不是问题所在,有没有一种已知的方法可以让本地(在主机操作系统上运行) C++单元测试场景在Android Studio中工作?
注意:我查看了一个similar question,公认的答案似乎可以工作,但是生成了一个安卓可执行文件--我更喜欢这样一种情况:理想情况下,我可以在Android Studio中点击绿色箭头,让我的C++单元测试在本地机器上自动运行。
发布于 2019-05-21 07:22:19
Android Studio不支持主机开发。
如果你想在你的主机上构建你的测试并在那里运行它们,你必须从Android Studio外部调用CMake (命令行是一个选项,Visual Studio也是)。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55500104
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