blocks|key|40439|text|我相信你用错了工具。而不是假设驱动器是SSD，你应该让你的代码在慢速和快速驱动器上都能很好地工作，例如，首先加载基本对象，然后再加载其他对象。在三年内发明了……可能会使常规硬盘比SSD更快，这会破坏您的代码。纯粹基于速度也适用于RAM磁盘，NFS，USB3.0-sticks和其他你没有或不能考虑的东西。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|40440|编辑:硬盘实际上并不等同于慢速固态硬盘。虽然它们在读取和写入方面都很快，但硬盘需要大量的时间来查找。因此，使用两种不同的访问策略是有意义的:通过随机访问SSD和顺序读取HDD来挑选重要数据。您可能只需要实现顺序策略就可以了，因为SSD应该仍然可以正常工作。不过，检查硬盘而不是固态硬盘更有意义，因为您需要特殊对待硬盘，而固态硬盘、RAMdisc、NFS等不应该受到寻道时间的影响，因此可以被同等对待。|40441|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

I believe you are using the wrong tool. Instead of making assumptions based on a drive being an SSD you should make your code work well with slow and fast drives, for example by loading the essential objects first and the rest later. In three years the invention of [...] may make regular hard drives faster than SSDs which would break your code.
Going purely based on speed will also work for RAM discs, NFS, USB3.0-sticks and other stuff you didn't or cannot thing about.

EDIT: A HDD is not actually the same as a slow SSD. While they are both fast at reading and writing a HDD needs significant time for seeking. It thus makes sense to use two different access strategies: picking the important data via random access for the SSD and sequentially reading for the HDD. You will probably get away with only implementing the sequential strategy as that should still work ok with SSDs. It makes more sense to check for a HDD instead of a SSD though, because you need to treat the HDD special while SSD, RAMdisc, NFS and so on should not suffer from seek times and can thus be treated the same.

blocks|key|2721796|text|不要为驱动器类型而烦恼。通过读取加载的一些游戏数据进行测量，并决定使用哪种策略。(别忘了设置一个配置选项:)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2721797|然而，我的直觉告诉我，这种方法是错误的。如果有人的磁盘速度很慢，那么预加载应该更重要，因为在动态加载时会导致卡顿。另一方面，如果驱动器足够快，我不需要浪费内存，因为我可以快速加载数据。|2721798|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

do not bother of drive type. make a measurement by reading some of your game data that is loaded anyways and decide which strategy to use. (do not forget to make an configuration option :)

nether the less my gut instinct tells me that the approach is wrong. if someone has a slow disk then preloading should be more important since on the fly loading will cause stuttering. On the other side if the drive is fast enough i do not need to waste memory because i can load data on the fly fast enough.

blocks|key|39851|text|是的，确定驱动器是否为SSD的可能性很高。SSD通常支持TRIM命令，因此我会检查驱动器是否支持TRIM命令。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|39852|在Windows中，您可以使用IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY获取DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR结构，该结构将告诉您是否启用了TRIM。|offset|length|39853|如果你真的知道你在做什么，你可以得到原始的识别设备包，并自己解释数据。对于SATA驱动器，它将是字169位0。|39854|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff800830(v=vs.85).aspx|1|https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff800829(v=vs.85).aspx^0|0|F|S|0|19|M|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$D|T|E|U|1|V]|$D|W|E|X|1|Y]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|Q]]]]

Yes, there is a high chance of determining whether a drive is an SSD. SSD typically support the TRIM command, so I would check to see if the drive supports the TRIM command.

In Windows, you can use <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff800830(v=vs.85).aspx" rel="noreferrer">IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY</a> to get the <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff800829(v=vs.85).aspx" rel="noreferrer">DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR</a> structure which will tell you if TRIM is enabled.

If you really know what you're doing, you can get the raw IDENTIFY DEVICE package, and interpret the data yourself. For SATA drives it would be word 169 bit 0.

blocks|key|40073|text|在做了一些研究并使用了本页答案中的信息后，下面是我使用C+WinAPI+for+Windows+7和更高版本的实现：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|40074|//Open+drive+as+such:+"\\?\PhysicalDriveX"+where+X+is+the+drive+number
//INFO:+To+get+drive+number+from+a+logical+drive+letter,+check+this+method:
//++++++(But+keep+in+mind+that+a+single+logical+drive,+or+a+volume,
//+++++++can+span+across+several+physical+drives,+as+a+"spanned+volume.")
//+++++++http://stackoverflow.com/a/11683906/843732

#include+<WinIoCtl.h>
#include+<Ntddscsi.h>

DWORD+bytesReturned;

//As+an+example,+let's+test+1st+physical+drive
HANDLE+hDevice+=+::CreateFile(L"\\\\?\\PhysicalDrive0",
++++GENERIC_READ+%7C+GENERIC_WRITE,+++++++//We+need+write+access+to+send+ATA+command+to+read+RPMs
++++FILE_SHARE_READ+%7C+FILE_SHARE_WRITE,+NULL,
++++OPEN_EXISTING,++0,+NULL);
if(hDevice+!=+INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
++++//Check+TRIM+--+should+be+Y+for+SSD
++++_tprintf(L"TRIM=");

++++STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY+spqTrim;
++++spqTrim.PropertyId+=+(STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID)StorageDeviceTrimProperty;
++++spqTrim.QueryType+=+PropertyStandardQuery;

++++bytesReturned+=+0;
++++DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR+dtd+=+{0};
++++if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice,+IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
++++++++&spqTrim,+sizeof(spqTrim),+&dtd,+sizeof(dtd),+&bytesReturned,+NULL)+&&
++++++++bytesReturned+==+sizeof(dtd))
++++{
++++++++//Got+it
++++++++_tprintf(L"%25s",+dtd.TrimEnabled+?+L"Y"+:+L"N");
++++}
++++else
++++{
++++++++//Failed
++++++++int+err+=+::GetLastError();
++++++++_tprintf(L"?");
++++}


++++//Check+the+seek-penalty+value+--+should+be+N+for+SSD
++++_tprintf(L",+seekPenalty=");

++++STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY+spqSeekP;
++++spqSeekP.PropertyId+=+(STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID)StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty;
++++spqSeekP.QueryType+=+PropertyStandardQuery;

++++bytesReturned+=+0;
++++DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR+dspd+=+{0};
++++if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice,+IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
++++++++&spqSeekP,+sizeof(spqSeekP),+&dspd,+sizeof(dspd),+&bytesReturned,+NULL)+&&
++++++++bytesReturned+==+sizeof(dspd))
++++{
++++++++//Got+it
++++++++_tprintf(L"%25s",+dspd.IncursSeekPenalty+?+L"Y"+:+L"N");
++++}
++++else
++++{
++++++++//Failed
++++++++int+err+=+::GetLastError();
++++++++_tprintf(L"?");
++++}


++++//Get+drive's+RPMs+reading+--+should+be+1+for+SSD
++++//CODE+SOURCE:+https://emoacht.wordpress.com/2012/11/06/csharp-ssd/
++++_tprintf(L",+RPM=");

++++ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery+id_query;
++++memset(&id_query,+0,+sizeof(id_query));

++++id_query.header.Length+=+sizeof(id_query.header);
++++id_query.header.AtaFlags+=+ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN;
++++id_query.header.DataTransferLength+=+sizeof(id_query.data);
++++id_query.header.TimeOutValue+=+5;+++//Timeout+in+seconds
++++id_query.header.DataBufferOffset+=+offsetof(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery,+data[0]);
++++id_query.header.CurrentTaskFile[6]+=+0xec;+//+ATA+IDENTIFY+DEVICE

++++bytesReturned+=+0;
++++if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice,+IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH,
++++++++&id_query,+sizeof(id_query),+&id_query,+sizeof(id_query),+&bytesReturned,+NULL)+&&
++++++++bytesReturned+==+sizeof(id_query))
++++{
++++++++//Got+it

++++++++//Index+of+nominal+media+rotation+rate
++++++++//SOURCE:+http://www.t13.org/documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2009/d2015r1a-ATAATAPI_Command_Set_-_2_ACS-2.pdf
++++++++//++++++++++7.18.7.81+Word+217
++++++++//QUOTE:+Word+217+indicates+the+nominal+media+rotation+rate+of+the+device+and+is+defined+in+table:
++++++++//++++++++++Value+++++++++++Description
++++++++//++++++++++--------------------------------
++++++++//++++++++++0000h+++++++++++Rate+not+reported
++++++++//++++++++++0001h+++++++++++Non-rotating+media+(e.g.,+solid+state+device)
++++++++//++++++++++0002h-0400h+++++Reserved
++++++++//++++++++++0401h-FFFEh+++++Nominal+media+rotation+rate+in+rotations+per+minute+(rpm)
++++++++//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++(e.g.,+7+200+rpm+=+1C20h)
++++++++//++++++++++FFFFh+++++++++++Reserved
++++++++#define+kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex+217
++++++++_tprintf(L"%25d",+(UINT)id_query.data[kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex]);
++++}
++++else
++++{
++++++++//Failed
++++++++int+err+=+::GetLastError();
++++++++_tprintf(L"?");
++++}


++++_tprintf(L"\n");
++++::CloseHandle(hDevice);
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|40075|如果你没有驱动程序DDK包含，这里有一些定义：|40076|#ifndef+StorageDeviceTrimProperty
#define+StorageDeviceTrimProperty+8
#endif

#ifndef+DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR
typedef+struct+_DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR+{
++DWORD+++Version;
++DWORD+++Size;
++BOOLEAN+TrimEnabled;
}+DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR,+*PDEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR;
#endif


#ifndef+StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty
#define+StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty+7
#endif

#ifndef+DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR
typedef+struct+_DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR+{
++DWORD+++Version;
++DWORD+++Size;
++BOOLEAN+IncursSeekPenalty;
}+DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR,+*PDEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR;
#endif


struct+ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery
{
++++ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX+header;
++++WORD+data[256];
};|40077|最后，我的测试的结论。|40078|我有几个通过SATA线连接的三星固态硬盘，以及一个使用PCIe插槽直接连接到逻辑板的PCIe固态硬盘驱动器。我还有一个大型的内部西部数据硬盘(旋转驱动器)，它也是通过SATA电缆连接的，还有几个外部旋转硬盘。|40079|这是我从他们那里得到的：|40080|Samsung+SSD+256GB:+++++TRIM=Y,+seekPenalty=N,+RPM=1
Samsung+SSD+500GB:+++++TRIM=Y,+seekPenalty=N,+RPM=1
PCIs+SSD:++++++++++++++TRIM=Y,+seekPenalty=?,+RPM=0
Internal+WD+HDD:+++++++TRIM=N,+seekPenalty=?,+RPM=0
External+WD+HDD:+++++++TRIM=?,+seekPenalty=?,+RPM=?
External+Cavalry+HDD:++TRIM=?,+seekPenalty=Y,+RPM=?|40081|如你所见，在我的例子中，对于所有6个驱动器来说，唯一正确的参数是TRIM。我并不是说你的情况也会如此。这只是我对我自己的硬盘的发现。|40082|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|V|$]]

Having done some research and using the info from the answers on this page, here's my implementation using C WinAPIs for Windows 7 and later:

<pre><code>//Open drive as such: "\\?\PhysicalDriveX" where X is the drive number
//INFO: To get drive number from a logical drive letter, check this method:
// (But keep in mind that a single logical drive, or a volume,
// can span across several physical drives, as a "spanned volume.")
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/11683906/843732

#include &lt;WinIoCtl.h&gt;
#include &lt;Ntddscsi.h&gt;

DWORD bytesReturned;

//As an example, let's test 1st physical drive
HANDLE hDevice = ::CreateFile(L"\\\\?\\PhysicalDrive0",
 GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, //We need write access to send ATA command to read RPMs
 FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL,
 OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
if(hDevice != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
 //Check TRIM -- should be Y for SSD
 _tprintf(L"TRIM=");

 STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY spqTrim;
 spqTrim.PropertyId = (STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID)StorageDeviceTrimProperty;
 spqTrim.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;

 bytesReturned = 0;
 DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR dtd = {0};
 if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
 &amp;spqTrim, sizeof(spqTrim), &amp;dtd, sizeof(dtd), &amp;bytesReturned, NULL) &amp;&amp;
 bytesReturned == sizeof(dtd))
 {
 //Got it
 _tprintf(L"%s", dtd.TrimEnabled ? L"Y" : L"N");
 }
 else
 {
 //Failed
 int err = ::GetLastError();
 _tprintf(L"?");
 }


 //Check the seek-penalty value -- should be N for SSD
 _tprintf(L", seekPenalty=");

 STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY spqSeekP;
 spqSeekP.PropertyId = (STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID)StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty;
 spqSeekP.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;

 bytesReturned = 0;
 DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR dspd = {0};
 if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
 &amp;spqSeekP, sizeof(spqSeekP), &amp;dspd, sizeof(dspd), &amp;bytesReturned, NULL) &amp;&amp;
 bytesReturned == sizeof(dspd))
 {
 //Got it
 _tprintf(L"%s", dspd.IncursSeekPenalty ? L"Y" : L"N");
 }
 else
 {
 //Failed
 int err = ::GetLastError();
 _tprintf(L"?");
 }


 //Get drive's RPMs reading -- should be 1 for SSD
 //CODE SOURCE: https://emoacht.wordpress.com/2012/11/06/csharp-ssd/
 _tprintf(L", RPM=");

 ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery id_query;
 memset(&amp;id_query, 0, sizeof(id_query));

 id_query.header.Length = sizeof(id_query.header);
 id_query.header.AtaFlags = ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN;
 id_query.header.DataTransferLength = sizeof(id_query.data);
 id_query.header.TimeOutValue = 5; //Timeout in seconds
 id_query.header.DataBufferOffset = offsetof(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery, data[0]);
 id_query.header.CurrentTaskFile[6] = 0xec; // ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE

 bytesReturned = 0;
 if(::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH,
 &amp;id_query, sizeof(id_query), &amp;id_query, sizeof(id_query), &amp;bytesReturned, NULL) &amp;&amp;
 bytesReturned == sizeof(id_query))
 {
 //Got it

 //Index of nominal media rotation rate
 //SOURCE: http://www.t13.org/documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2009/d2015r1a-ATAATAPI_Command_Set_-_2_ACS-2.pdf
 // 7.18.7.81 Word 217
 //QUOTE: Word 217 indicates the nominal media rotation rate of the device and is defined in table:
 // Value Description
 // --------------------------------
 // 0000h Rate not reported
 // 0001h Non-rotating media (e.g., solid state device)
 // 0002h-0400h Reserved
 // 0401h-FFFEh Nominal media rotation rate in rotations per minute (rpm)
 // (e.g., 7 200 rpm = 1C20h)
 // FFFFh Reserved
 #define kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex 217
 _tprintf(L"%d", (UINT)id_query.data[kNominalMediaRotRateWordIndex]);
 }
 else
 {
 //Failed
 int err = ::GetLastError();
 _tprintf(L"?");
 }


 _tprintf(L"\n");
 ::CloseHandle(hDevice);
}
</code></pre>

In case you don't have driver DDK includes, here're some definitions:

<pre><code>#ifndef StorageDeviceTrimProperty
#define StorageDeviceTrimProperty 8
#endif

#ifndef DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR
typedef struct _DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR {
 DWORD Version;
 DWORD Size;
 BOOLEAN TrimEnabled;
} DEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR, *PDEVICE_TRIM_DESCRIPTOR;
#endif


#ifndef StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty
#define StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty 7
#endif

#ifndef DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR
typedef struct _DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR {
 DWORD Version;
 DWORD Size;
 BOOLEAN IncursSeekPenalty;
} DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR, *PDEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR;
#endif


struct ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery
{
 ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX header;
 WORD data[256];
};
</code></pre>

Lastly, conclusion of my tests.

I have several Samsung SSDs connected via a SATA cable, and one PCIe SSD drive that is connected directly to the logic board using PCIe slot. I also have one large internal Western Digital HDD (spinning drive) that is also connected via a SATA cable, and a couple of external spinning HDDs.

Here's what I get for them:

<pre><code>Samsung SSD 256GB: TRIM=Y, seekPenalty=N, RPM=1
Samsung SSD 500GB: TRIM=Y, seekPenalty=N, RPM=1
PCIs SSD: TRIM=Y, seekPenalty=?, RPM=0
Internal WD HDD: TRIM=N, seekPenalty=?, RPM=0
External WD HDD: TRIM=?, seekPenalty=?, RPM=?
External Cavalry HDD: TRIM=?, seekPenalty=Y, RPM=?
</code></pre>

So as you see, in my case, the only parameter that is correct for all 6 drives is TRIM. I'm not saying that it will be in your case as well. It's just my finding with the drives that I own.

blocks|key|2721821|text|您可以使用Microsoft+WMI+Class+MSFT_PhysicalDisk。4的媒体类型为固态硬盘，SpindleSpeed为0。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2721822|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/stormgmt/msft-physicaldisk^0|P|H|P|H|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@$9|O|A|P|B|C]]|D|@$9|Q|A|R|1|S]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|E|$L|M]]]]

You can use the Microsoft WMI Class <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/stormgmt/msft-physicaldisk" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>MSFT_PhysicalDisk</code></a>. The mediatype of 4 is SSD and SpindleSpeed will be 0.

blocks|key|40937|text|我发现最好的方法是将根\microsoft\windows\storage命名空间中的MSFT_PhysicalDisk与WMI一起使用。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|40938|这为您提供了两个属性|40939|40940|MediaType|unordered-list-item|40941|
的|40942|SpindleSpeed|40943|40944|Media+Type为您提供了值|40945|40946|0未指定的|40947|3硬盘|40948|4固态硬盘|40949|5单片机|40950|<代码>F216|40951|主轴速度为0是非常不言而喻的。|40952|Main.cpp|style|BOLD|40953|#include+<iostream>
#include+<windows.h>;
#include+<Wbemidl.h>
#include+<comdef.h>
#include+"StorageDevice.h"
#include+<vector>

#pragma+comment(lib,+"wbemuuid.lib")

using+namespace::std;


void+IntializeCOM()
{
++++HRESULT+hres;
++++hres+=+CoInitializeEx(0,+COINIT_MULTITHREADED);

++++if+(FAILED(hres))
++++{
++++++++cout+<<+"Failed+to+initialize+COM+library.+Error+code+=+0x"+<<+hex+<<+hres+<<+endl;
++++++++//+Program+has+failed.
++++}

++++//+Step+2:+--------------------------------------------------
++++//+Set+general+COM+security+levels+--------------------------

++++hres+=+CoInitializeSecurity(
++++++++NULL,
++++++++-1,++++++++++++++++++++++++++//+COM+authentication
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++++++//+Authentication+services
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++++++//+Reserved
++++++++RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,+++//+Default+authentication+
++++++++RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,+//+Default+Impersonation++
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++++++//+Authentication+info
++++++++EOAC_NONE,+++++++++++++++++++//+Additional+capabilities+
++++++++NULL+++++++++++++++++++++++++//+Reserved
++++);

++++if+(FAILED(hres))
++++{
++++++++cout+<<+"Failed+to+initialize+security.+Error+code+=+0x"+<<+hex+<<+hres+<<+endl;
++++++++CoUninitialize();+++++++++++++//+Program+has+failed.
++++}
}

void+SetupWBEM(IWbemLocator*&+pLoc,+IWbemServices*&+pSvc)
{
++++//+Step+3:+---------------------------------------------------
++++//+Obtain+the+initial+locator+to+WMI+-------------------------

++++HRESULT+hres;
++++//IWbemLocator+*pLoc+=+NULL;

++++hres+=+CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator,+0,+CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,+IID_IWbemLocator,+(LPVOID+*)&pLoc);

++++if+(FAILED(hres))
++++{
++++++++cout+<<+"Failed+to+create+IWbemLocator+object."+<<+"+Err+code+=+0x"+<<+hex+<<+hres+<<+endl;
++++++++CoUninitialize();
++++}

++++//+Step+4:+-----------------------------------------------------
++++//+Connect+to+WMI+through+the+IWbemLocator::ConnectServer+method

++++//IWbemServices+*pSvc+=+NULL;

++++//+Connect+to+the+ROOT\\\microsoft\\windows\\storage+namespace+with
++++//+the+current+user+and+obtain+pointer+pSvc
++++//+to+make+IWbemServices+calls.
++++hres+=+pLoc->ConnectServer(
++++++++_bstr_t(L"ROOT\\microsoft\\windows\\storage"),+//+Object+path+of+WMI+namespace
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++//+User+name.+NULL+=+current+user
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++//+User+password.+NULL+=+current
++++++++0,+++++++++++++++++++++++//+Locale.+NULL+indicates+current
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++//+Security+flags.
++++++++0,+++++++++++++++++++++++//+Authority+(for+example,+Kerberos)
++++++++0,+++++++++++++++++++++++//+Context+object+
++++++++&pSvc++++++++++++++++++++//+pointer+to+IWbemServices+proxy
++++);

++++if+(FAILED(hres))
++++{
++++++++cout+<<+"Could+not+connect.+Error+code+=+0x"+<<+hex+<<+hres+<<+endl;
++++++++pLoc->Release();
++++++++CoUninitialize();
++++}


++++//+Step+5:+--------------------------------------------------
++++//+Set+security+levels+on+the+proxy+-------------------------

++++hres+=+CoSetProxyBlanket(
++++++++pSvc,++++++++++++++++++++++++//+Indicates+the+proxy+to+set
++++++++RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,+++++++++++//+RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
++++++++RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,++++++++++++//+RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++++++//+Server+principal+name+
++++++++RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,++++++//+RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx+
++++++++RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,+//+RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
++++++++NULL,++++++++++++++++++++++++//+client+identity
++++++++EOAC_NONE++++++++++++++++++++//+proxy+capabilities+
++++);

++++if+(FAILED(hres))
++++{
++++++++cout+<<+"Could+not+set+proxy+blanket.+Error+code+=+0x"+<<+hex+<<+hres+<<+endl;
++++++++pSvc->Release();
++++++++pLoc->Release();
++++++++CoUninitialize();
++++}

}


int+main()
{
++++IWbemLocator+*wbemLocator+=+NULL;
++++IWbemServices+*wbemServices+=+NULL;

++++IntializeCOM();
++++SetupWBEM(wbemLocator,+wbemServices);

++++IEnumWbemClassObject*+storageEnumerator+=+NULL;
++++HRESULT+hres+=+wbemServices->ExecQuery(
++++++++bstr_t("WQL"),
++++++++bstr_t("SELECT+*+FROM+MSFT_PhysicalDisk"),
++++++++WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY+%7C+WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,
++++++++NULL,
++++++++&storageEnumerator);

++++if+(FAILED(hres))
++++{
++++++++cout+<<+"Query+for+MSFT_PhysicalDisk.+Error+code+=+0x"+<<+hex+<<+hres+<<+endl;
++++++++wbemServices->Release();
++++++++wbemLocator->Release();
++++++++CoUninitialize();
++++}

++++IWbemClassObject+*storageWbemObject+=+NULL;
++++ULONG+uReturn+=+0;

++++vector<StorageDevice>+storageDevices;

++++while+(storageEnumerator)
++++{
++++++++HRESULT+hr+=+storageEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE,+1,+&storageWbemObject,+&uReturn);
++++++++if+(0+==+uReturn+%7C%7C+hr+!=+S_OK)
++++++++{
++++++++++++break;
++++++++}

++++++++StorageDevice+storageDevice;

++++++++VARIANT+deviceId;
++++++++VARIANT+busType;
++++++++VARIANT+healthStatus;
++++++++VARIANT+spindleSpeed;
++++++++VARIANT+mediaType;

++++++++storageWbemObject->Get(L"DeviceId",+0,+&deviceId,+0,+0);
++++++++storageWbemObject->Get(L"BusType",+0,+&busType,+0,+0);
++++++++storageWbemObject->Get(L"HealthStatus",+0,+&healthStatus,+0,+0);
++++++++storageWbemObject->Get(L"SpindleSpeed",+0,+&spindleSpeed,+0,+0);
++++++++storageWbemObject->Get(L"MediaType",+0,+&mediaType,+0,+0);

++++++++storageDevice.DeviceId+=+deviceId.bstrVal+==+NULL+?+""+:+_bstr_t(deviceId.bstrVal);
++++++++storageDevice.BusType+=+busType.uintVal;
++++++++storageDevice.HealthStatus+=+healthStatus.uintVal;
++++++++storageDevice.SpindleSpeed+=+spindleSpeed.uintVal;
++++++++storageDevice.MediaType+=+mediaType.uintVal;

++++++++storageDevices.push_back(storageDevice);
++++++++storageWbemObject->Release();
++++}


}|code-block|syntax|javascript|40954|这些程序在这里将磁盘属性存储在一个强类型的对象"storageDevice“中，并将其推送到一个向量中，以便我们以后可以使用它|40955|StorageDevice.h|40956|#pragma+once
#include+<iostream>

using+namespace::std;

class+StorageDevice
{
public:
++++StorageDevice();
++++~StorageDevice();

++++string++DeviceId;
++++int+BusType;
++++int+HealthStatus;
++++int+SpindleSpeed;
++++int+MediaType;

};|40957|StorageDevice.cpp|40958|#include+"StorageDevice.h"



StorageDevice::StorageDevice()
{
}


StorageDevice::~StorageDevice()
{
}|40959|视频教程和源代码c%2B%2B+download+here|40960|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/previous-versions/windows/desktop/stormgmt/msft-physicaldisk|1|http://malcolmswaine.com/hdd-or-ssd-use-c-with-wmi-to-get-your-system-hardware-details/^0|17|H|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|8|0|0|0|0|F|0|0|0|H|0|0|C|D|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@$A|1Z|B|20|1|21]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|I|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|I|7|26|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|28|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|29|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|I|7|2A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|I|7|2B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|V|3|W|5|I|7|2C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|I|7|2D|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|6|7|2E|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|11|3|12|5|6|7|2F|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|13|3|14|5|6|7|2G|8|@$A|2H|B|2I|15|16]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|17|3|18|5|19|7|2J|8|@]|9|@]|C|$1A|1B]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|6|7|2K|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1E|3|1F|5|6|7|2L|8|@$A|2M|B|2N|15|16]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1G|3|1H|5|19|7|2O|8|@]|9|@]|C|$1A|1B]]|$1|1I|3|1J|5|6|7|2P|8|@$A|2Q|B|2R|15|16]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|1K|3|1L|5|19|7|2S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$1A|1B]]|$1|1M|3|1N|5|6|7|2T|8|@]|9|@$A|2U|B|2V|1|2W]]|C|$]]|$1|1O|3|-4|5|6|7|2X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|1P|$1Q|$5|1R|1S|1T|C|$1U|1V]]|1W|$5|1R|1S|1T|C|$1U|1X]]]]

The best way I found was using the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/previous-versions/windows/desktop/stormgmt/msft-physicaldisk" rel="nofollow noreferrer">MSFT_PhysicalDisk</a> in the ROOT\microsoft\windows\storage namespace with WMI

This gives you two properties

<ul>
<li>SpindleSpeed </li>
<li>MediaType</li>
</ul>

The Media Type gives you values

<ul>
<li>0 Unspecified </li>
<li>3 HDD</li>
<li>4 SSD</li>
<li>5 SCM</li>
</ul>

And a spindle speed of 0 is pretty self-explanatory

Main.cpp

<pre><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;windows.h&gt;;
#include &lt;Wbemidl.h&gt;
#include &lt;comdef.h&gt;
#include "StorageDevice.h"
#include &lt;vector&gt;

#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")

using namespace::std;


void IntializeCOM()
{
 HRESULT hres;
 hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);

 if (FAILED(hres))
 {
 cout &lt;&lt; "Failed to initialize COM library. Error code = 0x" &lt;&lt; hex &lt;&lt; hres &lt;&lt; endl;
 // Program has failed.
 }

 // Step 2: --------------------------------------------------
 // Set general COM security levels --------------------------

 hres = CoInitializeSecurity(
 NULL,
 -1, // COM authentication
 NULL, // Authentication services
 NULL, // Reserved
 RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication 
 RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation 
 NULL, // Authentication info
 EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities 
 NULL // Reserved
 );

 if (FAILED(hres))
 {
 cout &lt;&lt; "Failed to initialize security. Error code = 0x" &lt;&lt; hex &lt;&lt; hres &lt;&lt; endl;
 CoUninitialize(); // Program has failed.
 }
}

void SetupWBEM(IWbemLocator*&amp; pLoc, IWbemServices*&amp; pSvc)
{
 // Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------
 // Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------

 HRESULT hres;
 //IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;

 hres = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *)&amp;pLoc);

 if (FAILED(hres))
 {
 cout &lt;&lt; "Failed to create IWbemLocator object." &lt;&lt; " Err code = 0x" &lt;&lt; hex &lt;&lt; hres &lt;&lt; endl;
 CoUninitialize();
 }

 // Step 4: -----------------------------------------------------
 // Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method

 //IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;

 // Connect to the ROOT\\\microsoft\\windows\\storage namespace with
 // the current user and obtain pointer pSvc
 // to make IWbemServices calls.
 hres = pLoc-&gt;ConnectServer(
 _bstr_t(L"ROOT\\microsoft\\windows\\storage"), // Object path of WMI namespace
 NULL, // User name. NULL = current user
 NULL, // User password. NULL = current
 0, // Locale. NULL indicates current
 NULL, // Security flags.
 0, // Authority (for example, Kerberos)
 0, // Context object 
 &amp;pSvc // pointer to IWbemServices proxy
 );

 if (FAILED(hres))
 {
 cout &lt;&lt; "Could not connect. Error code = 0x" &lt;&lt; hex &lt;&lt; hres &lt;&lt; endl;
 pLoc-&gt;Release();
 CoUninitialize();
 }


 // Step 5: --------------------------------------------------
 // Set security levels on the proxy -------------------------

 hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(
 pSvc, // Indicates the proxy to set
 RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
 RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
 NULL, // Server principal name 
 RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx 
 RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
 NULL, // client identity
 EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities 
 );

 if (FAILED(hres))
 {
 cout &lt;&lt; "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x" &lt;&lt; hex &lt;&lt; hres &lt;&lt; endl;
 pSvc-&gt;Release();
 pLoc-&gt;Release();
 CoUninitialize();
 }

}


int main()
{
 IWbemLocator *wbemLocator = NULL;
 IWbemServices *wbemServices = NULL;

 IntializeCOM();
 SetupWBEM(wbemLocator, wbemServices);

 IEnumWbemClassObject* storageEnumerator = NULL;
 HRESULT hres = wbemServices-&gt;ExecQuery(
 bstr_t("WQL"),
 bstr_t("SELECT * FROM MSFT_PhysicalDisk"),
 WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,
 NULL,
 &amp;storageEnumerator);

 if (FAILED(hres))
 {
 cout &lt;&lt; "Query for MSFT_PhysicalDisk. Error code = 0x" &lt;&lt; hex &lt;&lt; hres &lt;&lt; endl;
 wbemServices-&gt;Release();
 wbemLocator-&gt;Release();
 CoUninitialize();
 }

 IWbemClassObject *storageWbemObject = NULL;
 ULONG uReturn = 0;

 vector&lt;StorageDevice&gt; storageDevices;

 while (storageEnumerator)
 {
 HRESULT hr = storageEnumerator-&gt;Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, &amp;storageWbemObject, &amp;uReturn);
 if (0 == uReturn || hr != S_OK)
 {
 break;
 }

 StorageDevice storageDevice;

 VARIANT deviceId;
 VARIANT busType;
 VARIANT healthStatus;
 VARIANT spindleSpeed;
 VARIANT mediaType;

 storageWbemObject-&gt;Get(L"DeviceId", 0, &amp;deviceId, 0, 0);
 storageWbemObject-&gt;Get(L"BusType", 0, &amp;busType, 0, 0);
 storageWbemObject-&gt;Get(L"HealthStatus", 0, &amp;healthStatus, 0, 0);
 storageWbemObject-&gt;Get(L"SpindleSpeed", 0, &amp;spindleSpeed, 0, 0);
 storageWbemObject-&gt;Get(L"MediaType", 0, &amp;mediaType, 0, 0);

 storageDevice.DeviceId = deviceId.bstrVal == NULL ? "" : _bstr_t(deviceId.bstrVal);
 storageDevice.BusType = busType.uintVal;
 storageDevice.HealthStatus = healthStatus.uintVal;
 storageDevice.SpindleSpeed = spindleSpeed.uintVal;
 storageDevice.MediaType = mediaType.uintVal;

 storageDevices.push_back(storageDevice);
 storageWbemObject-&gt;Release();
 }


}
</code></pre>

The programs stores the disk properties in a strongly typed object "storageDevice" here, and pushed it onto a vector so we can use it later

StorageDevice.h

<pre><code>#pragma once
#include &lt;iostream&gt;

using namespace::std;

class StorageDevice
{
public:
 StorageDevice();
 ~StorageDevice();

 string DeviceId;
 int BusType;
 int HealthStatus;
 int SpindleSpeed;
 int MediaType;

};
</code></pre>

StorageDevice.cpp

<pre><code>#include "StorageDevice.h"



StorageDevice::StorageDevice()
{
}


StorageDevice::~StorageDevice()
{
}
</code></pre>

Video tutorial and source code c++ <a href="http://malcolmswaine.com/hdd-or-ssd-use-c-with-wmi-to-get-your-system-hardware-details/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">download here</a>

I would like to change the performance and behaviour of my C++ application, according to whether the system drive is an SSD or not.
Example:

<ul>
<li>With SSD, I want my gameserver application to load each map fully, with all objects in order to maximize performance.</li>
<li>With HDD, I want my gameserver application to load only the essential objects and entities in each map, with no external objects loaded.</li>
</ul>

I've seen <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/windows/desktop/aa364939(v=vs.85).aspx" rel="noreferrer">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/windows/desktop/aa364939(v=vs.85).aspx</a>, which is a way of determining if a certain drive is a HDD, CD ROM, DVD ROM, Removable Media, etc, but it STILL can't detect whether the main system drive is an SSD.
I've also seen <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/908188/is-there-any-way-of-detecting-if-a-drive-is-a-ssd">Is there any way of detecting if a drive is a SSD?</a>, but the solution only applies to Linux.

I thought that I could somehow generate a large fine (500MB), and then time how long it takes to write the file, but however other system variables can easily influence the result.

In Windows, using C++, is there any way to get whether the main system drive is an SSD or not?

Detecting SSD in Windows

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我想根据系统驱动器是否是固态硬盘来更改我的C++应用程序的性能和行为。示例：使用固态硬盘，我希望我的游戏服务器应用程序完全加载每个地图和所有对象为了最大化performance.With ，我希望我的游戏服务器应用程序只加载每个地图中的基本对象和实体，而不加载外部对象。我见过，这是一种确定某个驱动器是否是硬盘、CD、D...

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