问在类中使用std::chrono::high_resolution_clock播种std::mt19937的正确方式是什么？

EN

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <climits>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <random>
#include <thread>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// sexmex - A hash function kindly borrowed from Pelle Evensens yet to be published
// work: http://mostlymangling.blogspot.com/
//
// g++ 8.3.1: std::hash<Integer-type> lets the value through as-is (identity)
//            so I'll use this to create proper hash values instead.
template<typename Out = size_t, typename In>
inline std::enable_if_t<sizeof(In) * CHAR_BIT <= 64 &&
                            std::numeric_limits<Out>::is_integer &&
                            std::numeric_limits<In>::is_integer,
                        Out>
sexmex(In v) {
    uint64_t v2 = static_cast<uint64_t>(v); // cast away signedness
    v2 ^= (v2 >> 20) ^ (v2 >> 37) ^ (v2 >> 51);
    v2 *= 0xA54FF53A5F1D36F1ULL; // Fractional part of sqrt(7)
    v2 ^= (v2 >> 20) ^ (v2 >> 37) ^ (v2 >> 51);
    v2 *= 0x510E527FADE682D1ULL; // Fractional part of sqrt(11)
    v2 ^= (v2 >> 20) ^ (v2 >> 37) ^ (v2 >> 51);
    // Discard the high bits if Out is < 64 bits. This particular hash function
    // has not shown any weaknesses in the lower bits in any widely known test
    // suites yet.
    return static_cast<Out>(v2);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class seeder {
public:
    using result_type = std::uint_least32_t;

    // function called by the generator on construction to fill its internal state
    template<class RandomIt>
    void generate(RandomIt Begin, RandomIt End) const noexcept {
        using seed_t = std::remove_reference_t<decltype(*Begin)>;
        std::random_device rd{};

        if(rd.entropy() == 0.) { // check entropy
            // zero entropy, add some
            constexpr auto min = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::duration::min();
            std::vector<seed_t> food_for_generator(
                static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(Begin, End)));

            for(int stiring = 0; stiring < 10; ++stiring) {
                for(auto& food : food_for_generator) {
                    // sleep a little to ensure a new clock count each iteration
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(min);
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(min);
                    auto cc = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now()
                                  .time_since_epoch()
                                  .count();
                    food ^= sexmex<seed_t>(cc);
                    food ^= sexmex<seed_t>(rd());
                }
                stir_buffer(food_for_generator);
            }

            // seed the generator
            for(auto f = food_for_generator.begin(); Begin != End; ++f, ++Begin)
                *Begin = *f;

        } else {
            // we got entropy, use random_device almost as-is but make sure
            // values from rd() becomes seed_t's number of bits and unbiased
            // via sexmex.
            //
            // seed the generator
            for(; Begin != End; ++Begin) *Begin = sexmex<seed_t>(rd());
        }
    }

private:
    template<typename SeedType>
    inline void stir_buffer(std::vector<SeedType>& buf) const noexcept {
        for(size_t i = 0; i < buf.size() * 2; ++i) {
            buf[i % buf.size()] += static_cast<SeedType>(
                sexmex(buf[(i + buf.size() - 1) % buf.size()] + i));
        }
    }
};
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct shared_generator {
    // we want one instance shared between all instances of uniform_dist per thread
    static thread_local seeder ss;
    static thread_local std::mt19937 generator;
};

thread_local seeder shared_generator::ss{};
thread_local std::mt19937 shared_generator::generator(ss);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// a distribution template for uniform distributions, both int and real
template<typename T>
class uniform_dist : shared_generator {
public:
    uniform_dist(T low, T high) : distribution(low, high) {}

    // make instances callable
    inline T operator()() { return distribution(generator); }

private:
    template<class D>
    using dist_t =
        std::conditional_t<std::is_integral_v<D>, std::uniform_int_distribution<D>,
                           std::uniform_real_distribution<D>>;

    dist_t<T> distribution;
};
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void thread_func() {
    uniform_dist<int> something(0, 10);
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) std::cout << something() << "\n";
}

int main() {
    // all distributions sharing the same generator:
    uniform_dist<size_t> card_picker(0, 51);
    uniform_dist<int16_t> other(-32768, 32767);
    uniform_dist<float> fd(-1000.f, 1000.f);
    uniform_dist<double> dd(-1., 1.);
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) std::cout << card_picker() << "\n";
    std::cout << "--\n";
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) std::cout << other() << "\n";
    std::cout << "--\n";
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) std::cout << fd() << "\n";
    std::cout << "--\n";
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) std::cout << dd() << "\n";
    // in the thread function, a new generator will be created and seeded.
    std::thread t(thread_func);
    t.join();
}