blocks|key|860894|text|rm+!(textfile.txt%7Cbackup.tar.gz%7Cscript.php%7Cdatabase.sql%7Cinfo.txt)|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|860895|需要在BASH中启用extglob+(扩展模式匹配)(如果未启用)：|unstyled|860896|shopt+-s+extglob|860897|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|F|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

<pre><code>rm !(textfile.txt|backup.tar.gz|script.php|database.sql|info.txt)
</code></pre>

The extglob (Extended Pattern Matching) needs to be enabled in BASH (if it's not enabled):

<pre><code>shopt -s extglob
</code></pre>

blocks|key|860837|text|假设具有这些名称的文件存在于目录树中的多个位置，并且您希望保留所有这些文件：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|860838|find+.+-type+f+!+-regex+".*/$textfile.txt\%7Cbackup.tar.gz\%7Cscript.php\%7Cdatabase.sql\%7Cinfo.txt$"+-delete|code-block|syntax|javascript|860839|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Assuming that files with those names exist in multiple places in the directory tree and you want to preserve all of them:

<pre><code>find . -type f ! -regex ".*/$textfile.txt\|backup.tar.gz\|script.php\|database.sql\|info.txt$" -delete
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1075519|text|您可以在Bash中使用GLOBIGNORE环境变量。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1075520|假设您想删除除php和sql之外的所有文件，则可以执行以下操作：|1075521|export+GLOBIGNORE=*.php:*.sql
rm+*
export+GLOBIGNORE=|code-block|syntax|javascript|1075522|像这样设置GLOBIGNORE会忽略通配符中的php和sql，比如"ls+*“或"rm+*”。因此，在设置变量后使用"rm+*“将只删除txt和tar.gz文件。|1075523|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

You can use GLOBIGNORE environment variable in Bash.

Suppose you want to delete all files except php and sql, then you can do the following -

<pre><code>export GLOBIGNORE=*.php:*.sql
rm *
export GLOBIGNORE=
</code></pre>

Setting GLOBIGNORE like this ignores php and sql from wildcards used like "ls *" or "rm *". So, using "rm *" after setting the variable will delete only txt and tar.gz file.

blocks|key|1075429|text|你可以为此编写一个for循环...%25)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1075430|for+x+in+*
do
++++++++if+[+"$x"+!=+"exclude_criteria"+]
++++++++then
++++++++++++++++rm+-f+$x;
++++++++fi
done;|code-block|syntax|javascript|1075431|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You can write a for loop for this... %)

<pre><code>for x in *
do
 if [ "$x" != "exclude_criteria" ]
 then
 rm -f $x;
 fi
done;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|860932|text|有点晚了，但希望对通过google到达这里很晚的人有用……|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|860933|我发现@awi的答案和@Jamie+Bullock的-delete评论真的很有用。这是一个简单的实用程序，您可以在不同的目录中执行此操作，每次都可以忽略不同的文件名/类型，只需输入最少的内容：|860934|rm_except+(或者你想给它命名的任何东西)|860935|#!/bin/bash

ignore=""

for+fignore+in+"$@";+do
++ignore=${ignore}"-not+-name+${fignore}+"
done

find+.+-type+f+$ignore+-delete|code-block|syntax|javascript|860936|例如，要删除除文本文件和foo.bar之外的所有内容：|860937|rm_except+*.txt+foo.bar+|860938|类似于@mishunika，但没有if子句。|860939|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

A little late for the OP, but hopefully useful for anyone who gets here much later by google...

I found the answer by @awi and comment on -delete by @Jamie Bullock really useful. A simple utility so you can do this in different directories ignoring different file names/types each time with minimal typing:

rm_except (or whatever you want to name it)

<pre><code>#!/bin/bash

ignore=""

for fignore in "$@"; do
 ignore=${ignore}"-not -name ${fignore} "
done

find . -type f $ignore -delete
</code></pre>

e.g. to delete everything except for text files and foo.bar:

<pre><code>rm_except *.txt foo.bar 
</code></pre>

Similar to @mishunika, but without the if clause.

blocks|key|861074|text|如果你使用的是我强烈推荐的zsh。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|861075|rm+-rf+%5Efile/folder+pattern+to+avoid|code-block|syntax|javascript|861076|使用extended_glob|861077|setopt+extended_glob
rm+--+%5E*.txt
rm+--+%5E*.(sql%7Ctxt)|861078|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.zsh.org/^0|D|3|D|3|0|0|0|2|D|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@$9|Z|A|10|1|11]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|13|8|@$9|14|A|15|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|V]]]]

If you're using <a href="http://www.zsh.org/" rel="nofollow"><code>zsh</code></a> which I highly recommend.

<pre><code>rm -rf ^file/folder pattern to avoid
</code></pre>

With <code>extended_glob</code>

<pre><code>setopt extended_glob
rm -- ^*.txt
rm -- ^*.(sql|txt)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|861026|text|尝试它的效果：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|861027|rm+-r+!(Applications%7C"Virtualbox+VMs"%7CDownloads%7CDocuments%7CDesktop%7CPublic)|code-block|syntax|javascript|861028|但带空格的名称(总是)很难。也尝试使用Virtualbox\+VMs而不是引号。它总是删除该目录(Virtualbox+VMs)。|offset|length|style|CODE|861029|entityMap^0|0|0|J|F|1D|E|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@$I|R|J|S|K|L]|$I|T|J|U|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

Trying it worked with:

<pre><code>rm -r !(Applications|"Virtualbox VMs"|Downloads|Documents|Desktop|Public)
</code></pre>

but names with spaces are (as always) tough. Tried also with <code>Virtualbox\ VMs</code> instead the quotes. It deletes always that directory (<code>Virtualbox VMs</code>).

blocks|key|861160|text|只要：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|861161|rm+$(ls+-I+"*.txt"+)+#Deletes+file+type+except+*.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|861162|或者：|861163|rm+$(ls+-I+"*.txt"+-I+"*.pdf"+)+#Deletes+file+types+except+*.txt+&+*.pdf|861164|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

Just:

<pre><code>rm $(ls -I "*.txt" ) #Deletes file type except *.txt
</code></pre>

Or:

<pre><code>rm $(ls -I "*.txt" -I "*.pdf" ) #Deletes file types except *.txt &amp; *.pdf
</code></pre>

blocks|key|861266|text|使文件不可变。即使是root用户也不能删除它们。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|861267|chattr+%2Bi+textfile.txt+backup.tar.gz+script.php+database.sql+info.txt
rm+*|code-block|syntax|javascript|861268|所有其他文件都已删除。|861269|最终，您可以将它们重置为可变的。|861270|chattr+-i+*|861271|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|D|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

Make the files immutable. Not even root will be allowed to delete them.

<pre><code>chattr +i textfile.txt backup.tar.gz script.php database.sql info.txt
rm *
</code></pre>

All other files have been deleted. 
Eventually you can reset them mutable.

<pre><code>chattr -i *
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1076060|text|我相信你可以利用|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1076061|rm+-v+!(filename)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1076062|除文件名外，所有其他文件都将在目录中被删除，并确保您在|1076063|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

I belive you can use
<pre><code>rm -v !(filename)
</code></pre>
Except for the filename all the other files will e deleted in the directory and make sure you are using it in

blocks|key|860983|text|这类似于@siwei-shen的评论，但您需要-o标志来执行多个模式。-o标志代表'or‘|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|860984|find+.+-type+f+-not+-name+'*ignore1'+-o+-not+-name+'*ignore2'+%7C+xargs+rm|860985|entityMap^0|N|2|Z|2|0|0|20|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@$9|K|A|L|B|C]|$9|M|A|N|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$]]

This is similar to the comment from @siwei-shen but you need the <code>-o</code> flag to do multiple patterns. The <code>-o</code> flag stands for 'or'

<code>find . -type f -not -name '*ignore1' -o -not -name '*ignore2' | xargs rm</code>

blocks|key|861143|text|您可以使用两个命令序列来完成此操作。首先使用您不想排除的文件的名称定义一个数组：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|861144|files=(+backup.tar.gz+script.php+database.sql+info.txt+)|code-block|syntax|javascript|861145|之后，遍历您想要排除的目录中的所有文件，检查文件名是否在您不想排除的数组中；如果不在，则删除该文件。|861146|for+file+in+*;+do
++if+[[+!+"+${files[@]}+"+~=+"$file"++]];then
++++rm+"$file"
++fi
done|861147|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

You can do this with two command sequences.
First define an array with the name of the files you do not want to exclude:

<pre><code>files=( backup.tar.gz script.php database.sql info.txt )
</code></pre>

After that, loop through all files in the directory you want to exclude, checking if the filename is in the array you don't want to exclude; if its not then delete the file.

<pre><code>for file in *; do
 if [[ ! " ${files[@]} " ~= "$file" ]];then
 rm "$file"
 fi
done
</code></pre>

blocks|key|861447|text|我想要的答案是运行脚本，但我希望避免删除sript本身。因此，如果有人正在寻找类似的答案，请执行以下操作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|861448|创建一个.sh文件并编写以下代码：|861449|++++cp+my_run_build.sh+../../+
++++rm+-rf+*+cp++
++++../../my_run_build.sh+.+
++++/*amend+rest+of+the+script*/|code-block|syntax|javascript|861450|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

The answer I was looking for was to run script, but I wanted to avoid deleting the sript itself. So incase someone is looking for a similar answer, do the following.
Create a .sh file and write the following code:
<pre><code> cp my_run_build.sh ../../ 
 rm -rf * cp 
 ../../my_run_build.sh . 
 /*amend rest of the script*/
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1076003|text|由于还没有人提到这一点，在一个特殊的情况下：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1076004|OLD_FILES=`echo+*`
...+create+new+files+...
rm+-r+$OLD_FILES|code-block|syntax|javascript|1076005|(或者仅仅是rm+$OLD_FILES)|offset|length|style|CODE|1076006|或|1076007|OLD_FILES=`ls+*`
...+create+new+files+...
rm+-r+$OLD_FILES|1076008|如果某些文件可能存在或不存在，则可能需要使用shopt+-s+nullglob：|1076009|SET_OLD_NULLGLOB=`shopt+-p+nullglob`
shopt+-s+nullglob
FILES=`echo+*.sh+*.bash`
$SET_OLD_NULLGLOB|1076010|如果没有nullglob，echo+*.sh+*.bash可能会给出"a.sh+b.sh+*.bash“。|1076011|(说了这么多，我自己更喜欢this+answer，尽管它不能在OSX中工作)|1076012|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/45628487/755804^0|0|0|6|D|0|0|0|M|H|0|0|D|G|0|D|B|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|18|8|@$I|19|J|1A|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1D|8|@$I|1E|J|1F|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|D|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1H|8|@$I|1I|J|1J|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|9|@$I|1L|J|1M|1|1N]]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|-4|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|Z|$10|$5|11|12|13|A|$14|15]]]]

Since no one yet mentioned this, in one particular case:

<pre><code>OLD_FILES=`echo *`
... create new files ...
rm -r $OLD_FILES
</code></pre>

(or just <code>rm $OLD_FILES</code>)

or

<pre><code>OLD_FILES=`ls *`
... create new files ...
rm -r $OLD_FILES
</code></pre>

You may need to use <code>shopt -s nullglob</code> if some files may be either there or not there:

<pre><code>SET_OLD_NULLGLOB=`shopt -p nullglob`
shopt -s nullglob
FILES=`echo *.sh *.bash`
$SET_OLD_NULLGLOB
</code></pre>

without nullglob, <code>echo *.sh *.bash</code> may give you "a.sh b.sh *.bash".

(Having said all that, I myself prefer <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/45628487/755804">this answer</a>, even though it does not work in OSX)

blocks|key|1075539|text|请将所需文件移到当前目录之外的临时目录中，而不是直接执行命令。然后使用rm+*或rm+-r+*删除所有文件。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1075540|然后将所需的文件移动到当前目录。|1075541|entityMap^0|Z|4|14|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@$9|K|A|L|B|C]|$9|M|A|N|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$]]

Rather than going for a direct command, please move required files to temp dir outside current dir. Then delete all files using <code>rm *</code> or <code>rm -r *</code>.

Then move required files to current dir.

blocks|key|861358|text|删除除file.name之外的所有内容：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|861359|ls+-d+/path/to/your/files/*+%7Cgrep+-v+file.name%7Cxargs+rm+-rf|code-block|syntax|javascript|861360|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Remove everything exclude file.name:

<pre><code>ls -d /path/to/your/files/* |grep -v file.name|xargs rm -rf
</code></pre>

When using <code>sudo rm -r</code>, how can I delete all files, with the exception of the following:

<pre><code>textfile.txt
backup.tar.gz
script.php
database.sql
info.txt
</code></pre>

Remove all files except some from a directory

使用sudo rm -r时，如何删除除以下文件以外的所有文件：textfile.txtbackup.tar.gzscript.phpdatabase.sqlinfo.txt

问从目录中删除除部分文件以外的所有文件
EN

回答 16

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问从目录中删除除部分文件以外的所有文件
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