blocks|key|482044|text|官方推荐的从脚本安装包的方法是通过子进程调用pip的命令行界面。Most+other+answers+presented+here+are+not+supported+by+pip。此外，从pip+v10开始，所有代码都被精确地移到了pip._internal上，以便让用户清楚地知道，不允许以编程方式使用pip。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|482045|使用sys.executable确保您将调用与当前运行时关联的相同pip。|482046|import+subprocess
import+sys

def+install(package):
++++subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,+"-m",+"pip",+"install",+package])|code-block|syntax|javascript|482047|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#using-pip-from-your-program^0|39|D|W|1M|0|0|2|E|X|3|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@$9|X|A|Y|1|Z]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|10|8|@$9|11|A|12|B|C]|$9|13|A|14|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

The officially recommended way to install packages from a script is by calling pip's command-line interface via a subprocess. <a href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#using-pip-from-your-program" rel="noreferrer">Most other answers presented here are not supported by pip</a>. Furthermore since pip v10, all code has been moved to <code>pip._internal</code> precisely in order to make it clear to users that programmatic use of pip is not allowed.

Use <code>sys.executable</code> to ensure that you will call the same <code>pip</code> associated with the current runtime.

<pre><code>import subprocess
import sys

def install(package):
 subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", package])
</code></pre>

blocks|key|481984|text|您还可以使用以下内容：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|481985|import+pip

def+install(package):
++++if+hasattr(pip,+'main'):
++++++++pip.main(['install',+package])
++++else:
++++++++pip._internal.main(['install',+package])

#+Example
if+__name__+==+'__main__':
++++install('argh')|code-block|syntax|javascript|481986|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You can also use something like:

<pre><code>import pip

def install(package):
 if hasattr(pip, 'main'):
 pip.main(['install', package])
 else:
 pip._internal.main(['install', package])

# Example
if __name__ == '__main__':
 install('argh')
</code></pre>

blocks|key|482015|text|如果您想使用pip安装所需的包并在安装后导入，您可以使用以下代码：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|482016|def+install_and_import(package):
++++import+importlib
++++try:
++++++++importlib.import_module(package)
++++except+ImportError:
++++++++import+pip
++++++++pip.main(['install',+package])
++++finally:
++++++++globals()[package]+=+importlib.import_module(package)


install_and_import('transliterate')|code-block|syntax|javascript|482017|如果您以用户身份安装包，则可能会遇到不能只导入包的问题。有关更多信息，请参见How+to+refresh+sys.path?。|482018|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25384922^0|6|3|0|0|12|O|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@$9|Z|A|10|1|11]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

If you want to use <code>pip</code> to install required package and import it after installation, you can use this code:

<pre><code>def install_and_import(package):
 import importlib
 try:
 importlib.import_module(package)
 except ImportError:
 import pip
 pip.main(['install', package])
 finally:
 globals()[package] = importlib.import_module(package)


install_and_import('transliterate')
</code></pre>

If you installed a package as a user you can encounter the problem that you cannot just import the package. See <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25384922">How to refresh sys.path?</a> for additional information.

blocks|key|265012|text|这应该是可行的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|265013|import+subprocess

def+install(name):
++++subprocess.call(['pip',+'install',+name])|code-block|syntax|javascript|265014|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

This should work:

<pre><code>import subprocess

def install(name):
 subprocess.call(['pip', 'install', name])
</code></pre>

blocks|key|265152|text|我在@Aaron的回答中添加了一些异常处理。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|265153|import+subprocess
import+sys

try:
++++import+pandas+as+pd
except+ImportError:
++++subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,+"-m",+"pip",+"install",+'pandas'])
finally:
++++import+pandas+as+pd|code-block|syntax|javascript|265154|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

i added some exception handling to @Aaron's answer.

<pre><code>import subprocess
import sys

try:
 import pandas as pd
except ImportError:
 subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", 'pandas'])
finally:
 import pandas as pd
</code></pre>

blocks|key|482160|text|为了安装多个包，我使用了一个包含以下代码的setup.py文件：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|482161|import+sys
import+subprocess
import+pkg_resources

required+=+{'numpy','pandas','<etc>'}+
installed+=+{pkg.key+for+pkg+in+pkg_resources.working_set}
missing+=+required+-+installed


if+missing:
++++#+implement+pip+as+a+subprocess:
++++subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,+'-m',+'pip',+'install',*missing])|code-block|syntax|javascript|482162|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

for installing multiple packages, i am using a setup.py file with following code:
<pre><code>import sys
import subprocess
import pkg_resources

required = {'numpy','pandas','&lt;etc&gt;'} 
installed = {pkg.key for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing = required - installed


if missing:
 # implement pip as a subprocess:
 subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install',*missing])
</code></pre>

blocks|key|481939|text|您可以使用"install_requires“选项在您自己的包的setup.py中定义依赖模块。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|481940|如果你的包需要生成一些控制台脚本，那么你可以使用"console_scripts“入口点来生成一个包装器脚本，该脚本将被放在'bin‘文件夹中(例如你的virtualenv环境)。|481941|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

You define the dependent module inside the setup.py of your own package with the "install_requires" option. 

If your package needs to have some console script generated then you can use the "console_scripts" entry point in order to generate a wrapper script that will be placed
within the 'bin' folder (e.g. of your virtualenv environment).

blocks|key|482454|text|如果你想要一个在subprocess.check_call上扩展的更有效的答案。您可以首先使用pkg_resources检查是否已满足要求。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|482455|这适用于不同的requirment+specifiers，这很好。例如>=、==|482456|import+sys
import+subprocess
import+pkg_resources
from+pkg_resources+import+DistributionNotFound,+VersionConflict

def+should_install_requirement(requirement):
++++should_install+=+False
++++try:
++++++++pkg_resources.require(requirement)
++++except+(DistributionNotFound,+VersionConflict):
++++++++should_install+=+True
++++return+should_install


def+install_packages(requirement_list):
++++try:
++++++++requirements+=+[
++++++++++++requirement
++++++++++++for+requirement+in+requirement_list
++++++++++++if+should_install_requirement(requirement)
++++++++]
++++++++if+len(requirements)+>+0:
++++++++++++subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,+"-m",+"pip",+"install",+*requirements])
++++++++else:
++++++++++++print("Requirements+already+satisfied.")

++++except+Exception+as+e:
++++++++print(e)|code-block|syntax|javascript|482457|示例用法：|482458|requirement_list+=+['requests',+'httpx==0.18.2']
install_packages(requirement_list)|482459|​|482460|📷|atomic|482461|482462|相关信息Stackoverflow+Question:+58612272|482463|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://packaging.python.org/glossary/#term-Requirement-Specifier|1|IMAGE|IMMUTABLE|imageUrl|https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-900000/4c170c8a4121dc9c3ddb65a1937cdd76.gif|imageAlt|2|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58612272/pkg-resources-get-distributionmymodule-version-not-updated-after-reload^0|8|L|1B|D|0|Z|2|12|2|7|L|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|0|0|4|W|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1E|8|@$9|1F|A|1G|B|C]|$9|1H|A|1I|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1J|8|@$9|1K|A|1L|B|C]|$9|1M|A|1N|B|C]]|D|@$9|1O|A|1P|1|1Q]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|1R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|1T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1U|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|U|7|1V|8|@]|D|@$9|1W|A|1X|1|1Y]]|E|$]]|$1|V|3|R|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|20|8|@]|D|@$9|21|A|22|1|23]]|E|$]]|$1|Y|3|-4|5|6|7|24|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|Z|$10|$5|11|12|13|E|$14|15]]|16|$5|17|12|18|E|$19|1A|1B|-4]]|1C|$5|11|12|13|E|$14|1D]]]]

If you want a more efficient answer that expands on <code>subprocess.check_call</code>. You can first check if the requirement has already been met using <code>pkg_resources</code>.
This works for different <a href="https://packaging.python.org/glossary/#term-Requirement-Specifier" rel="nofollow noreferrer">requirment specifiers</a> which is nice. e.g. <code>&gt;=</code>, <code>==</code>
<pre><code>import sys
import subprocess
import pkg_resources
from pkg_resources import DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict

def should_install_requirement(requirement):
 should_install = False
 try:
 pkg_resources.require(requirement)
 except (DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict):
 should_install = True
 return should_install


def install_packages(requirement_list):
 try:
 requirements = [
 requirement
 for requirement in requirement_list
 if should_install_requirement(requirement)
 ]
 if len(requirements) &gt; 0:
 subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, &quot;-m&quot;, &quot;pip&quot;, &quot;install&quot;, *requirements])
 else:
 print(&quot;Requirements already satisfied.&quot;)

 except Exception as e:
 print(e)
</code></pre>
Example usage:
<pre><code>requirement_list = ['requests', 'httpx==0.18.2']
install_packages(requirement_list)
</code></pre>
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/KMDMl.gif" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/KMDMl.gif" alt="demo" /></a>
Relevant Info <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58612272/pkg-resources-get-distributionmymodule-version-not-updated-after-reload">Stackoverflow Question: 58612272</a>

blocks|key|482319|text|import+os
os.system('pip+install+requests')|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|482320|我尝试了上面的临时解决方案，而不是更改docker文件。希望这些能对一些人有用|unstyled|482321|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|F|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

<pre><code>import os
os.system('pip install requests')
</code></pre>
I tried above for temporary solution instead of changing docker file. Hope these might be useful to some

I need to install a package from PyPi straight within my script.
Maybe there's some module or <code>distutils</code> (<code>distribute</code>, <code>pip</code> etc.) feature which allows me to just execute something like <code>pypi.install('requests')</code> and requests will be installed into my virtualenv.

Installing python module within code

我需要在我的脚本中直接从PyPi安装一个包。也许有一些模块或distutils (distribute，pip等)。允许我只执行pypi.install('requests')之类的功能，请求将被安装到我的virtualenv中。

问在代码中安装python模块
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