blocks|key|316996|text|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|316997|首先，改变：|316998|filePath+=+rootdir+%2B+'/'+%2B+file|code-block|syntax|javascript|316999|至：|317000|filePath+=+root+%2B+'/'+%2B+file|317001|rootdir是固定的起始目录；root是os.walk返回的目录。|offset|length|style|CODE|317002|其次，您不需要缩进您的文件处理循环，因为为每个子目录运行此命令没有任何意义。您不需要手动处理子目录，除非您想要对目录本身执行某些操作。|317003|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|7|G|4|L|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|-4|4|5|6|V|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|A|3|B|4|5|6|W|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|C|3|D|4|E|6|X|7|@]|8|@]|9|$F|G]]|$1|H|3|I|4|5|6|Y|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|J|3|K|4|E|6|Z|7|@]|8|@]|9|$F|G]]|$1|L|3|M|4|5|6|10|7|@$N|11|O|12|P|Q]|$N|13|O|14|P|Q]|$N|15|O|16|P|Q]]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|R|3|S|4|5|6|17|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|4|5|6|18|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]]|U|$]]

I think the problem is that you're not processing the output of <code>os.walk</code> correctly.

Firstly, change:

<pre><code>filePath = rootdir + '/' + file
</code></pre>

to:

<pre><code>filePath = root + '/' + file
</code></pre>

<code>rootdir</code> is your fixed starting directory; <code>root</code> is a directory returned by <code>os.walk</code>.

Secondly, you don't need to indent your file processing loop, as it makes no sense to run this for each subdirectory. You'll get <code>root</code> set to each subdirectory. You don't need to process the subdirectories by hand unless you want to do something with the directories themselves.

blocks|key|319929|text|使用os.path.join()构建您的路径-它更整洁：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|319930|import+os
import+sys
rootdir+=+sys.argv[1]
for+root,+subFolders,+files+in+os.walk(rootdir):
++++for+folder+in+subFolders:
++++++++outfileName+=+os.path.join(root,folder,"py-outfile.txt")
++++++++folderOut+=+open(+outfileName,+'w'+)
++++++++print+"outfileName+is+"+%2B+outfileName
++++++++for+file+in+files:
++++++++++++filePath+=+os.path.join(root,file)
++++++++++++toWrite+=+open(+filePath).read()
++++++++++++print+"Writing+'"+%2B+toWrite+%2B+"'+to"+%2B+filePath
++++++++++++folderOut.write(+toWrite+)
++++++++folderOut.close()|code-block|syntax|javascript|319931|entityMap^0|2|E|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

use <code>os.path.join()</code> to construct your paths - It's neater:

<pre><code>import os
import sys
rootdir = sys.argv[1]
for root, subFolders, files in os.walk(rootdir):
 for folder in subFolders:
 outfileName = os.path.join(root,folder,"py-outfile.txt")
 folderOut = open( outfileName, 'w' )
 print "outfileName is " + outfileName
 for file in files:
 filePath = os.path.join(root,file)
 toWrite = open( filePath).read()
 print "Writing '" + toWrite + "' to" + filePath
 folderOut.write( toWrite )
 folderOut.close()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|318043|text|确保理解os.walk的三个返回值|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|318044|for+root,+subdirs,+files+in+os.walk(rootdir):|code-block|syntax|javascript|318045|有以下含义：|318046|318047|root：当前路径为"walked+through"|unordered-list-item|318048|subdirs：Files+in+root+of+directory|318049|files：Files+in+root+(not+in+subdirs)+of+directory|318050|“类型的目录中的文件|318051|请使用os.path.join，而不是用斜杠连接！你的问题是filePath+=+rootdir+%2B+'/'+%2B+file+-你必须连接当前的"walked“文件夹，而不是最上面的文件夹。所以那一定是filePath+=+os.path.join(root,+file)。顺便说一句，"file“是一个内置的，所以你通常不会使用它作为变量名。|318052|另一个问题是你的循环，它应该是这样的，例如：|318053|import+os
import+sys

walk_dir+=+sys.argv[1]

print('walk_dir+=+'+%2B+walk_dir)

#+If+your+current+working+directory+may+change+during+script+execution,+it's+recommended+to
#+immediately+convert+program+arguments+to+an+absolute+path.+Then+the+variable+root+below+will
#+be+an+absolute+path+as+well.+Example:
#+walk_dir+=+os.path.abspath(walk_dir)
print('walk_dir+(absolute)+=+'+%2B+os.path.abspath(walk_dir))

for+root,+subdirs,+files+in+os.walk(walk_dir):
++++print('--\nroot+=+'+%2B+root)
++++list_file_path+=+os.path.join(root,+'my-directory-list.txt')
++++print('list_file_path+=+'+%2B+list_file_path)

++++with+open(list_file_path,+'wb')+as+list_file:
++++++++for+subdir+in+subdirs:
++++++++++++print('\t-+subdirectory+'+%2B+subdir)

++++++++for+filename+in+files:
++++++++++++file_path+=+os.path.join(root,+filename)

++++++++++++print('\t-+file+%25s+(full+path:+%25s)'+%25+(filename,+file_path))

++++++++++++with+open(file_path,+'rb')+as+f:
++++++++++++++++f_content+=+f.read()
++++++++++++++++list_file.write(('The+file+%25s+contains:\n'+%25+filename).encode('utf-8'))
++++++++++++++++list_file.write(f_content)
++++++++++++++++list_file.write(b'\n')|318054|如果您不知道，文件的with语句是一个简写：|318055|with+open('filename',+'rb')+as+f:
++++dosomething()

#+is+effectively+the+same+as

f+=+open('filename',+'rb')
try:
++++dosomething()
finally:
++++f.close()|318056|entityMap^0|4|7|0|0|0|0|0|4|0|0|7|H|4|0|0|5|F|4|S|7|0|0|3|C|U|V|2S|Z|0|0|0|A|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|18|8|@$9|19|A|1A|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|1B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|P|7|1E|8|@$9|1F|A|1G|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|P|7|1H|8|@$9|1I|A|1J|B|C]|$9|1K|A|1L|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|P|7|1M|8|@$9|1N|A|1O|B|C]|$9|1P|A|1Q|B|C]|$9|1R|A|1S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1U|8|@$9|1V|A|1W|B|C]|$9|1X|A|1Y|B|C]|$9|1Z|A|20|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|21|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|H|7|22|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|23|8|@$9|24|A|25|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|H|7|26|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|27|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|17|$]]

Make sure you understand the three return values of <code>os.walk</code>:

<pre><code>for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(rootdir):
</code></pre>

has the following meaning:

<ul>
<li><code>root</code>: Current path which is "walked through"</li>
<li><code>subdirs</code>: Files in <code>root</code> of type directory</li>
<li><code>files</code>: Files in <code>root</code> (not in <code>subdirs</code>) of type other than directory</li>
</ul>

And please use <code>os.path.join</code> instead of concatenating with a slash! Your problem is <code>filePath = rootdir + '/' + file</code> - you must concatenate the currently "walked" folder instead of the topmost folder. So that must be <code>filePath = os.path.join(root, file)</code>. BTW "file" is a builtin, so you don't normally use it as variable name.

Another problem are your loops, which should be like this, for example:

<pre><code>import os
import sys

walk_dir = sys.argv[1]

print('walk_dir = ' + walk_dir)

# If your current working directory may change during script execution, it's recommended to
# immediately convert program arguments to an absolute path. Then the variable root below will
# be an absolute path as well. Example:
# walk_dir = os.path.abspath(walk_dir)
print('walk_dir (absolute) = ' + os.path.abspath(walk_dir))

for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(walk_dir):
 print('--\nroot = ' + root)
 list_file_path = os.path.join(root, 'my-directory-list.txt')
 print('list_file_path = ' + list_file_path)

 with open(list_file_path, 'wb') as list_file:
 for subdir in subdirs:
 print('\t- subdirectory ' + subdir)

 for filename in files:
 file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)

 print('\t- file %s (full path: %s)' % (filename, file_path))

 with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
 f_content = f.read()
 list_file.write(('The file %s contains:\n' % filename).encode('utf-8'))
 list_file.write(f_content)
 list_file.write(b'\n')
</code></pre>

If you didn't know, the <code>with</code> statement for files is a shorthand:

<pre><code>with open('filename', 'rb') as f:
 dosomething()

# is effectively the same as

f = open('filename', 'rb')
try:
 dosomething()
finally:
 f.close()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3063283|text|同意Dave+Webb的观点，os.walk将为树中的每个目录生成一个项目。事实是，你不需要关心subFolders。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3063284|这样的代码应该可以工作：|3063285|import+os
import+sys

rootdir+=+sys.argv[1]

for+folder,+subs,+files+in+os.walk(rootdir):
++++with+open(os.path.join(folder,+'python-outfile.txt'),+'w')+as+dest:
++++++++for+filename+in+files:
++++++++++++with+open(os.path.join(folder,+filename),+'r')+as+src:
++++++++++++++++dest.write(src.read())|code-block|syntax|javascript|3063286|entityMap^0|F|7|1C|A|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]|$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|U|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

Agree with Dave Webb, <code>os.walk</code> will yield an item for each directory in the tree. Fact is, you just don't have to care about <code>subFolders</code>.

Code like this should work:

<pre><code>import os
import sys

rootdir = sys.argv[1]

for folder, subs, files in os.walk(rootdir):
 with open(os.path.join(folder, 'python-outfile.txt'), 'w') as dest:
 for filename in files:
 with open(os.path.join(folder, filename), 'r') as src:
 dest.write(src.read())
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3276259|text|默认情况下，os.walk执行递归遍历。对于每个目录，从根目录开始生成一个3元组(目录路径、目录名称、文件名)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3276260|from+os+import+walk
from+os.path+import+splitext,+join

def+select_files(root,+files):
++++"""
++++simple+logic+here+to+filter+out+interesting+files
++++.py+files+in+this+example
++++"""

++++selected_files+=+[]

++++for+file+in+files:
++++++++#do+concatenation+here+to+get+full+path+
++++++++full_path+=+join(root,+file)
++++++++ext+=+splitext(file)[1]

++++++++if+ext+==+".py":
++++++++++++selected_files.append(full_path)

++++return+selected_files

def+build_recursive_dir_tree(path):
++++"""
++++path++++-++++where+to+begin+folder+scan
++++"""
++++selected_files+=+[]

++++for+root,+dirs,+files+in+walk(path):
++++++++selected_files+%2B=+select_files(root,+files)

++++return+selected_files|code-block|syntax|javascript|3276261|entityMap^0|6|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

<code>os.walk</code> does recursive walk by default. For each dir, starting from root it yields a 3-tuple (dirpath, dirnames, filenames)

<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from os import walk
from os.path import splitext, join

def select_files(root, files):
 """
 simple logic here to filter out interesting files
 .py files in this example
 """

 selected_files = []

 for file in files:
 #do concatenation here to get full path 
 full_path = join(root, file)
 ext = splitext(file)[1]

 if ext == ".py":
 selected_files.append(full_path)

 return selected_files

def build_recursive_dir_tree(path):
 """
 path - where to begin folder scan
 """
 selected_files = []

 for root, dirs, files in walk(path):
 selected_files += select_files(root, files)

 return selected_files
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3063293|text|试试这个：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3063294|import+os
import+sys

for+root,+subdirs,+files+in+os.walk(path):

++++for+file+in+os.listdir(root):

++++++++filePath+=+os.path.join(root,+file)

++++++++if+os.path.isdir(filePath):
++++++++++++pass

++++++++else:
++++++++++++f+=+open+(filePath,+'r')
++++++++++++#+Do+Stuff|code-block|syntax|javascript|3063295|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Try this:

<pre><code>import os
import sys

for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(path):

 for file in os.listdir(root):

 filePath = os.path.join(root, file)

 if os.path.isdir(filePath):
 pass

 else:
 f = open (filePath, 'r')
 # Do Stuff
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3063399|text|如果您使用的是Python+3.5或更高版本，您可以在一行代码中完成此操作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3063400|import+glob

#+root_dir+needs+a+trailing+slash+(i.e.+/root/dir/)
for+filename+in+glob.iglob(root_dir+%2B+'**/*.txt',+recursive=True):
+++++print(filename)|code-block|syntax|javascript|3063401|正如在documentation中提到的|offset|length|3063402|3063403|如果recursive为true，则模式'**‘将匹配任何文件以及零个或多个目录和子目录。|blockquote|3063404|3063405|3063406|3063407|import+glob

for+filename+in+glob.iglob(root_dir+%2B+'**/**',+recursive=True):
+++++print(filename)|3063408|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/glob.html#glob.glob^0|0|0|3|D|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@$I|14|J|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|N|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|D|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|U|$V|$5|W|X|Y|A|$Z|10]]]]

If you are using Python 3.5 or above, you can get this done in 1 line.
<pre><code>import glob

# root_dir needs a trailing slash (i.e. /root/dir/)
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/*.txt', recursive=True):
 print(filename)
</code></pre>
As mentioned in the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/glob.html#glob.glob" rel="noreferrer">documentation</a>
<blockquote>
If recursive is true, the pattern '**' will match any files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
</blockquote>
If you want every file, you can use
<pre><code>import glob

for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/**', recursive=True):
 print(filename)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3276431|text|如果您想要给定目录下所有路径的平面列表(如shell中的find+.+)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3276432|+++files+=+[+
+++++++os.path.join(parent,+name)
+++++++for+(parent,+subdirs,+files)+in+os.walk(YOUR_DIRECTORY)
+++++++for+name+in+files+%2B+subdirs
+++]|code-block|syntax|javascript|3276433|要仅包含基本目录下的文件的完整路径，请省略%2B+subdirs。|3276434|entityMap^0|S|6|0|0|L|9|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

If you want a flat list of all paths under a given dir (like <code>find .</code> in the shell):

<pre><code> files = [ 
 os.path.join(parent, name)
 for (parent, subdirs, files) in os.walk(YOUR_DIRECTORY)
 for name in files + subdirs
 ]
</code></pre>

To only include full paths to files under the base dir, leave out <code>+ subdirs</code>.

blocks|key|3276448|text|import+glob
import+os

root_dir+=+<root_dir_here>

for+filename+in+glob.iglob(root_dir+%2B+'**/**',+recursive=True):
++++if+os.path.isfile(filename):
++++++++with+open(filename,'r')+as+file:
++++++++++++print(file.read())|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|3276449|**/**用于递归获取包括directory在内的所有文件。|unstyled|offset|length|style|CODE|3276450|if+os.path.isfile(filename)用于检查filename变量是file还是directory，如果是file，我们就可以读取该文件。我在这里打印文件。|3276451|entityMap^0|0|0|5|D|9|0|0|R|V|8|16|4|1C|9|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|P|8|@$G|Q|H|R|I|J]|$G|S|H|T|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|U|8|@$G|V|H|W|I|J]|$G|X|H|Y|I|J]|$G|Z|H|10|I|J]|$G|11|H|12|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|F|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

<pre><code>import glob
import os

root_dir = &lt;root_dir_here&gt;

for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/**', recursive=True):
 if os.path.isfile(filename):
 with open(filename,'r') as file:
 print(file.read())
</code></pre>

<code>**/**</code> is used to get all files recursively including <code>directory</code>.

<code>if os.path.isfile(filename)</code> is used to check if <code>filename</code> variable is <code>file</code> or <code>directory</code>, if it is file then we can read that file.
Here I am printing file.

blocks|key|317143|text|TL;DR:这相当于find+-type+f，用于遍历下面所有文件夹中的所有文件，包括当前文件夹：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|BOLD|CODE|entityRanges|data|317144|for+currentpath,+folders,+files+in+os.walk('.'):
++++for+file+in+files:
++++++++print(os.path.join(currentpath,+file))|code-block|syntax|javascript|317145|317146|正如在其他答案中已经提到的，os.walk()是答案，但它可以更好地解释。这很简单！让我们遍历这棵树：|317147|docs/
└──+doc1.odt
pics/
todo.txt|317148|使用以下代码：|317149|for+currentpath,+folders,+files+in+os.walk('.'):
++++print(currentpath)|317150|currentpath是它正在查看的当前文件夹。这将输出：|317151|.
./docs
./pics|317152|所以它循环了三次，因为有三个文件夹:+current、docs和pics。在每个循环中，它用所有文件夹和文件填充变量folders和files。让我们向他们展示：|317153|for+currentpath,+folders,+files+in+os.walk('.'):
++++print(currentpath,+folders,+files)|317154|这向我们展示了：|317155|#+currentpath++folders+++++++++++files
.++++++++++++++['pics',+'docs']++['todo.txt']
./pics+++++++++[]++++++++++++++++[]
./docs+++++++++[]++++++++++++++++['doc1.odt']|317156|因此，在第一行中，我们看到我们在文件夹.中，它包含两个文件夹，即pics和docs，并且只有一个文件，即todo.txt。您不需要做任何事情就可以递归到这些文件夹中，因为正如您所看到的，它会自动递归，并且只会给出任何子文件夹中的文件。以及其中的任何子文件夹(尽管我们在示例中没有这些)。|317157|如果你只想遍历所有文件，相当于find+-type+f，你可以这样做：|317158|for+currentpath,+folders,+files+in+os.walk('.'):
++++for+file+in+files:
++++++++print(os.path.join(currentpath,+file))|317159|这将输出以下内容：|317160|./todo.txt
./docs/doc1.odt|317161|entityMap^0|0|6|A|C|0|0|0|E|9|0|0|0|0|0|B|0|0|R|4|W|4|1M|7|1U|5|0|0|0|0|J|1|W|4|11|4|1G|8|0|F|C|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1I|8|@$9|1J|A|1K|B|C]|$9|1L|A|1M|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|I|7|1N|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1P|8|@$9|1Q|A|1R|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|I|7|1S|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|I|7|1U|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1V|8|@$9|1W|A|1X|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|I|7|1Y|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|1Z|8|@$9|20|A|21|B|D]|$9|22|A|23|B|D]|$9|24|A|25|B|D]|$9|26|A|27|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|I|7|28|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|29|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|I|7|2A|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|16|3|17|5|6|7|2B|8|@$9|2C|A|2D|B|D]|$9|2E|A|2F|B|D]|$9|2G|A|2H|B|D]|$9|2I|A|2J|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|18|3|19|5|6|7|2K|8|@$9|2L|A|2M|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|I|7|2N|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|6|7|2O|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|1E|3|1F|5|I|7|2P|8|@]|E|@]|F|$J|K]]|$1|1G|3|-4|5|6|7|2Q|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]]|1H|$]]

TL;DR: This is the equivalent to <code>find -type f</code> to go over all files in all folders below and including the current one:

<pre><code>for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
 for file in files:
 print(os.path.join(currentpath, file))
</code></pre>

<hr>

As already mentioned in other answers, <code>os.walk()</code> is the answer, but it could be explained better. It's quite simple! Let's walk through this tree:

<pre><code>docs/
└── doc1.odt
pics/
todo.txt
</code></pre>

With this code:

<pre><code>for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
 print(currentpath)
</code></pre>

The <code>currentpath</code> is the current folder it is looking at. This will output:

<pre><code>.
./docs
./pics
</code></pre>

So it loops three times, because there are three folders: the current one, <code>docs</code>, and <code>pics</code>. In every loop, it fills the variables <code>folders</code> and <code>files</code> with all folders and files. Let's show them:

<pre><code>for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
 print(currentpath, folders, files)
</code></pre>

This shows us:

<pre><code># currentpath folders files
. ['pics', 'docs'] ['todo.txt']
./pics [] []
./docs [] ['doc1.odt']
</code></pre>

So in the first line, we see that we are in folder <code>.</code>, that it contains two folders namely <code>pics</code> and <code>docs</code>, and that there is one file, namely <code>todo.txt</code>. You don't have to do anything to recurse into those folders, because as you see, it recurses automatically and just gives you the files in any subfolders. And any subfolders of that (though we don't have those in the example).

If you just want to loop through all files, the equivalent of <code>find -type f</code>, you can do this:

<pre><code>for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
 for file in files:
 print(os.path.join(currentpath, file))
</code></pre>

This outputs:

<pre><code>./todo.txt
./docs/doc1.odt
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3276506|text|pathlib库在处理文件方面真的很棒。您可以在Path对象上执行递归glob，如下所示。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3276507|from+pathlib+import+Path

for+elem+in+Path('/path/to/my/files').rglob('*.*'):
++++print(elem)|code-block|syntax|javascript|3276508|entityMap^0|0|7|O|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

The <code>pathlib</code> library is really great for working with files. You can do a recursive glob on a <code>Path</code> object like so.

<pre><code>from pathlib import Path

for elem in Path('/path/to/my/files').rglob('*.*'):
 print(elem)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|320039|text|我发现以下是最简单的|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|320040|from+glob+import+glob
import+os

files+=+[f+for+f+in+glob('rootdir/**',+recursive=True)+if+os.path.isfile(f)]|code-block|syntax|javascript|320041|使用glob('some/path/**',+recursive=True)获取所有文件，但也包括目录名。添加if+os.path.isfile(f)条件会将此列表仅过滤到现有文件|offset|length|style|CODE|320042|entityMap^0|0|0|2|10|1J|K|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@$I|R|J|S|K|L]|$I|T|J|U|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

I've found the following to be the easiest

<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from glob import glob
import os

files = [f for f in glob('rootdir/**', recursive=True) if os.path.isfile(f)]
</code></pre>

Using <code>glob('some/path/**', recursive=True)</code> gets all files, but also includes directory names. Adding the <code>if os.path.isfile(f)</code> condition filters this list to existing files only

blocks|key|320050|text|如果你更喜欢(几乎)一个眼线笔：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|320051|from+pathlib+import+Path

lookuppath+=+'.'+#use+your+path
filelist+=+[str(item)+for+item+in+Path(lookuppath).glob("**/*")+if+Path(item).is_file()]|code-block|syntax|javascript|320052|在本例中，您将获得一个列表，其中包含所有递归位于lookuppath下的文件的路径。如果没有str()，您将把PosixPath()添加到每个路径中。|320053|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

If you prefer an (almost) Oneliner:
<pre><code>from pathlib import Path

lookuppath = '.' #use your path
filelist = [str(item) for item in Path(lookuppath).glob(&quot;**/*&quot;) if Path(item).is_file()]
</code></pre>
In this case you will get a list with just the paths of all files located recursively under lookuppath.
Without str() you will get PosixPath() added to each path.

blocks|key|3276576|text|这对我很有效：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3276577|import+glob

root_dir+=+"C:\\Users\\Scott\\"+#+Don't+forget+trailing+(last)+slashes++++
for+filename+in+glob.iglob(root_dir+%2B+'**/*.jpg',+recursive=True):
+++++print(filename)
+++++#+do+stuff|code-block|syntax|javascript|3276578|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

This worked for me:
<pre><code>import glob

root_dir = &quot;C:\\Users\\Scott\\&quot; # Don't forget trailing (last) slashes 
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/*.jpg', recursive=True):
 print(filename)
 # do stuff
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3063602|text|对我来说，os.walk()有点太复杂和冗长了。您可以通过以下方式进行接受答案清理：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3063603|all_files+=+[str(f)+for+f+in+pathlib.Path(dir_path).glob("**/*")+if+f.is_file()]

with+open(outfile,+'wb')+as+fout:
++++for+f+in+all_files:
++++++++with+open(f,+'rb')+as+fin:
++++++++++++fout.write(fin.read())
++++++++++++fout.write(b'\n')|code-block|syntax|javascript|3063604|entityMap^0|5|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

For my taste <code>os.walk()</code> is a little too complicated and verbose. You can do the accepted answer cleaner by:
<pre><code>all_files = [str(f) for f in pathlib.Path(dir_path).glob(&quot;**/*&quot;) if f.is_file()]

with open(outfile, 'wb') as fout:
 for f in all_files:
 with open(f, 'rb') as fin:
 fout.write(fin.read())
 fout.write(b'\n')
</code></pre>

blocks|key|318228|text|如果仅仅是文件名还不够，在os.scandir()之上实现一个Depth-first+search是很容易的|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|318229|stack+=+['.']
files+=+[]
total_size+=+0
while+stack:
++++dirname+=+stack.pop()
++++with+os.scandir(dirname)+as+it:
++++++++for+e+in+it:
++++++++++++if+e.is_dir():+
++++++++++++++++stack.append(e.path)
++++++++++++else:
++++++++++++++++size+=+e.stat().st_size
++++++++++++++++files.append((e.path,+size))
++++++++++++++++total_size+%2B=+size|code-block|syntax|javascript|318230|docs会这样说：|318231|scandir()函数返回目录条目以及文件属性信息，这为许多常见用例提供了更好的性能。|318232|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search|1|https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.listdir^0|D|C|V|I|0|0|0|0|4|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|15|8|@]|D|@$9|16|A|17|1|18]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|V]]|W|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|X]]]]

If just the file names are not enough, it's easy to implement a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Depth-first search</a> on top of <code>os.scandir()</code>:
<pre><code>stack = ['.']
files = []
total_size = 0
while stack:
 dirname = stack.pop()
 with os.scandir(dirname) as it:
 for e in it:
 if e.is_dir(): 
 stack.append(e.path)
 else:
 size = e.stat().st_size
 files.append((e.path, size))
 total_size += size
</code></pre>
The <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.listdir" rel="nofollow noreferrer">docs</a> have this to say:
<blockquote>
The scandir() function returns directory entries along with file attribute information, giving better performance for many common use cases.
</blockquote>

I have a C++/Obj-C background and I am just discovering Python (been writing it for about an hour).
I am writing a script to recursively read the contents of text files in a folder structure.

The problem I have is the code I have written will only work for one folder deep. I can see why in the code (see <code>#hardcoded path</code>), I just don't know how I can move forward with Python since my experience with it is only brand new.

Python Code:

<pre><code>import os
import sys

rootdir = sys.argv[1]

for root, subFolders, files in os.walk(rootdir):

 for folder in subFolders:
 outfileName = rootdir + "/" + folder + "/py-outfile.txt" # hardcoded path
 folderOut = open( outfileName, 'w' )
 print "outfileName is " + outfileName

 for file in files:
 filePath = rootdir + '/' + file
 f = open( filePath, 'r' )
 toWrite = f.read()
 print "Writing '" + toWrite + "' to" + filePath
 folderOut.write( toWrite )
 f.close()

 folderOut.close()
</code></pre>

Python recursive folder read

我有C++/Obj-C背景，我刚刚开始学习Python (我已经写了大约一个小时了)。我正在编写一个脚本来递归地读取文件夹结构中的文本文件的内容。我的问题是，我写的代码只适用于一个文件夹深度。我可以在代码中看到为什么(参见#hardcoded path)，我只是不知道如何才能继续使用Python，因为我对它的体验只是全...

问Python递归文件夹读取
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