blocks|key|1536550|text|urllib2可用于执行HEAD请求。这比使用httplib要好一点，因为urllib2会为您解析URL，而不是要求您将URL拆分为主机名和路径。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1536551|>>>+import+urllib2
>>>+class+HeadRequest(urllib2.Request):
...+++++def+get_method(self):
...+++++++++return+"HEAD"
...+
>>>+response+=+urllib2.urlopen(HeadRequest("http://google.com/index.html"))|code-block|syntax|javascript|1536552|头文件可以像以前一样通过response.info()获得。有趣的是，您可以找到被重定向到的URL：|1536553|>>>+print+response.geturl()
http://www.google.com.au/index.html|1536554|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.python.org/2/library/urllib2.html^0|0|7|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$A|V|B|W|1|X]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|C|$S|T]]]]

<a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/urllib2.html" rel="noreferrer">urllib2</a> can be used to perform a HEAD request. This is a little nicer than using httplib since urllib2 parses the URL for you instead of requiring you to split the URL into host name and path.

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import urllib2
&gt;&gt;&gt; class HeadRequest(urllib2.Request):
... def get_method(self):
... return "HEAD"
... 
&gt;&gt;&gt; response = urllib2.urlopen(HeadRequest("http://google.com/index.html"))
</code></pre>

Headers are available via response.info() as before. Interestingly, you can find the URL that you were redirected to:

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; print response.geturl()
http://www.google.com.au/index.html
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1536693|text|强制Requests方式：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1536694|import+requests

resp+=+requests.head("http://www.google.com")
print+resp.status_code,+resp.text,+resp.headers|code-block|syntax|javascript|1536695|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/^0|2|8|2|8|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@$9|V|A|W|1|X]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|E|$Q|R]]]]

Obligatory <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/"><code>Requests</code></a> way:

<pre><code>import requests

resp = requests.head("http://www.google.com")
print resp.status_code, resp.text, resp.headers
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1751617|text|我认为Requests库也应该被提及。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1751618|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/index.html^0|3|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

I believe the <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/index.html">Requests</a> library should be mentioned as well.

blocks|key|1536608|text|只要：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1536609|import+urllib2
request+=+urllib2.Request('http://localhost:8080')
request.get_method+=+lambda+:+'HEAD'

response+=+urllib2.urlopen(request)
response.info().gettype()|code-block|syntax|javascript|1536610|编辑:我刚刚意识到有httplib2+:D|1536611|import+httplib2
h+=+httplib2.Http()
resp+=+h.request("http://www.google.com",+'HEAD')
assert+resp[0]['status']+==+200
assert+resp[0]['content-type']+==+'text/html'
...|1536612|link+text|offset|length|1536613|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://httplib2.googlecode.com/hg/doc/html/libhttplib2.html^0|0|0|0|0|0|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@$M|11|N|12|1|13]]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|A|$U|V]]]]

Just:

<pre><code>import urllib2
request = urllib2.Request('http://localhost:8080')
request.get_method = lambda : 'HEAD'

response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
response.info().gettype()
</code></pre>

Edit: I've just came to realize there is httplib2 :D

<pre><code>import httplib2
h = httplib2.Http()
resp = h.request("http://www.google.com", 'HEAD')
assert resp[0]['status'] == 200
assert resp[0]['content-type'] == 'text/html'
...
</code></pre>

<a href="http://httplib2.googlecode.com/hg/doc/html/libhttplib2.html" rel="noreferrer">link text</a>

blocks|key|1536666|text|import+httplib
import+urlparse

def+unshorten_url(url):
++++parsed+=+urlparse.urlparse(url)
++++h+=+httplib.HTTPConnection(parsed.netloc)
++++h.request('HEAD',+parsed.path)
++++response+=+h.getresponse()
++++if+response.status/100+==+3+and+response.getheader('Location'):
++++++++return+response.getheader('Location')
++++else:
++++++++return+url|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1536667|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>import httplib
import urlparse

def unshorten_url(url):
 parsed = urlparse.urlparse(url)
 h = httplib.HTTPConnection(parsed.netloc)
 h.request('HEAD', parsed.path)
 response = h.getresponse()
 if response.status/100 == 3 and response.getheader('Location'):
 return response.getheader('Location')
 else:
 return url
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1751490|text|另外，当使用httplib+(至少在2.5.2上)时，尝试读取HEAD请求的响应将阻塞(在readline上)，随后会失败。如果您不对响应发出read，则无法在连接上发送另一个请求，您将需要打开一个新的请求。或者接受请求之间的长时间延迟。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1751491|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

As an aside, when using the httplib (at least on 2.5.2), trying to read the response of a HEAD request will block (on readline) and subsequently fail. If you do not issue read on the response, you are unable to send another request on the connection, you will need to open a new one. Or accept a long delay between requests.

blocks|key|1536730|text|还有另一种方法(类似于Pawel答案)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1536731|import+urllib2
import+types

request+=+urllib2.Request('http://localhost:8080')
request.get_method+=+types.MethodType(lambda+self:+'HEAD',+request,+request.__class__)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1536732|只是为了避免在实例级使用无界的方法。|1536733|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

And yet another approach (similar to Pawel answer):

<pre><code>import urllib2
import types

request = urllib2.Request('http://localhost:8080')
request.get_method = types.MethodType(lambda self: 'HEAD', request, request.__class__)
</code></pre>

Just to avoid having unbounded methods at instance level.

blocks|key|1751451|text|可能更简单:使用urllib或urllib2。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1751452|>>>+import+urllib
>>>+f+=+urllib.urlopen('http://google.com')
>>>+f.info().gettype()
'text/html'|code-block|syntax|javascript|1751453|f.info()是一个类似字典的对象，因此您可以执行f.info()'content-type'，等等。|1751454|http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html|offset|length|1751455|http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html|1751456|http://docs.python.org/library/httplib.html|1751457|文档指出，httplib通常不会直接使用。|1751458|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|1|2^0|0|0|0|0|16|0|0|0|17|1|0|0|17|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@$K|15|L|16|1|17]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@$K|19|L|1A|1|1B]]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@$K|1D|L|1E|1|1F]]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|J]]|Z|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|N]]|10|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|P]]]]

Probably easier: use urllib or urllib2.

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import urllib
&gt;&gt;&gt; f = urllib.urlopen('http://google.com')
&gt;&gt;&gt; f.info().gettype()
'text/html'
</code></pre>

f.info() is a dictionary-like object, so you can do f.info()['content-type'], etc.

<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html</a> 
<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html</a> 
<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/httplib.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://docs.python.org/library/httplib.html</a>

The docs note that httplib is not normally used directly.

What I'm trying to do here is get the headers of a given URL so I can determine the MIME type. I want to be able to see if <code>http://somedomain/foo/</code> will return an HTML document or a JPEG image for example. Thus, I need to figure out how to send a HEAD request so that I can read the MIME type without having to download the content. Does anyone know of an easy way of doing this?

How do you send a HEAD HTTP request in Python 2?

我在这里尝试做的是获取给定URL的头部，这样我就可以确定MIME类型。例如，我希望能够看到http://somedomain/foo/是否会返回一个超文本标记语言文档或JPEG图像。因此，我需要弄清楚如何发送HEAD请求，这样我就可以读取MIME类型，而不必下载内容。有没有人知道一种简单的方法？

问在Python 2中如何发送HEAD HTTP请求？
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