blocks|key|2942082|text|没有标准化的JPA方法可以做到这一点，尽管各个JPA提供商可能提供了一种方法。我建议使用标准的方法为main和test设置不同的类路径。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2942083|例如，如果您使用Maven，并且您有两个META-INF/persistence.xml文件，一个在src/main/resources中，另一个在src/test/resources中，测试将选择src/test/resources中的文件，因为Maven在类路径中将测试类/资源放在主类/资源之前。您可以很容易地将Ant配置为以类似的方式工作。|offset|length|style|CODE|2942084|如果您需要更高级的逻辑，请考虑使用Spring's+JPA+support。它可以让你处理像integrating+multiple+persistence.xml+files这样的高级情况。|2942085|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/spring-framework-reference/html/orm.html#orm-jpa|1|http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/spring-framework-reference/html/orm.html#orm-jpa-multiple-pu^0|0|K|O|1E|I|22|I|2R|I|0|H|K|0|1A|16|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@$D|V|E|W|F|G]|$D|X|E|Y|F|G]|$D|Z|E|10|F|G]|$D|11|E|12|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@$D|14|E|15|1|16]|$D|17|E|18|1|19]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|Q]]|R|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|S]]]]

There is no standardized JPA way to do this, although individual JPA providers may provide a way. I would suggest the standard way to have a different class path for main and test.

For example, if you use Maven, and you have two <code>META-INF/persistence.xml</code> files, one in <code>src/main/resources</code> and one in <code>src/test/resources</code>, tests will pick up the one in <code>src/test/resources</code>, because Maven puts test classes / resources ahead of main classes / resources in the classpath. You can easily configure Ant to work in similar ways.

If you need more advanced logic, consider using <a href="http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/spring-framework-reference/html/orm.html#orm-jpa" rel="noreferrer">Spring's JPA support</a>. It will let you deal with advanced situations like <a href="http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/spring-framework-reference/html/orm.html#orm-jpa-multiple-pu" rel="noreferrer">integrating multiple persistence.xml files</a>.

blocks|key|3156263|text|在EclipseLink中，您可以执行以下操作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3156264|Properties+pros+=+new+Properties();

pros.setProperty(PersistenceUnitProperties.ECLIPSELINK_PERSISTENCE_XML,+
+++++++++++++++++"META-INF/persistence-alternative.xml");


EntityManagerFactory+factory+=+
++++Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("pu-name",+pros);|code-block|syntax|javascript|3156265|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

In EclipseLink you can do the following:

<pre><code>Properties pros = new Properties();

pros.setProperty(PersistenceUnitProperties.ECLIPSELINK_PERSISTENCE_XML, 
 "META-INF/persistence-alternative.xml");


EntityManagerFactory factory = 
 Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("pu-name", pros);
</code></pre>

blocks|key|258315|text|我觉得你做不到。要做到这一点有很长的路要走：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|258316|258317|创建一个工厂，它将读取您的persistence-test.xml并呈现一个Map<String,+String>属性，然后.|unordered-list-item|offset|length|style|CODE|258318|调用Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(persistenceUnitName,+Map+properties)。这样，它就不会从persistence.xml.|258319|中读取，而是从properties地图中读取|258320|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://java.sun.com/javaee/5/docs/api/javax/persistence/Persistence.html#createEntityManagerFactory%2528java.lang.String,%2520java.util.Map%2529^0|0|0|D|K|12|J|0|2|23|2E|F|2|23|0|0|7|A|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|X|8|@$F|Y|G|Z|H|I]|$F|10|G|11|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|E|7|12|8|@$F|13|G|14|H|I]|$F|15|G|16|H|I]]|9|@$F|17|G|18|1|19]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1A|8|@$F|1B|G|1C|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|O|$P|$5|Q|R|S|A|$T|U]]]]

I don't think you can. The long way of doing this is:

<ul>
<li>Create a Factory that will read your <code>persistence-test.xml</code> and render a <code>Map&lt;String, String&gt;</code> properties, and.</li>
<li>Call <a href="http://java.sun.com/javaee/5/docs/api/javax/persistence/Persistence.html#createEntityManagerFactory%28java.lang.String,%20java.util.Map%29" rel="noreferrer"><code>Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(persistenceUnitName, Map properties)</code></a>. That way, it reads from the <code>properties</code> map instead of it reading from <code>persistence.xml</code>.</li>
</ul>

blocks|key|256363|text|所以我们想要有两个独立的persistence.xml文件。其中一个应该只被生产配置读取，另一个则用于测试。其思想是重命名或隐藏生产文件。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|BOLD|entityRanges|data|256364|战争解决方案|256365|不要将persistence.xml放在src\main\resources\META-INF\中。取而代之的是将其放入src\main\webapp\WEB-INF\classes\META-INF\。这是文件应该在的位置，在这个位置，测试将看不到它。|256366|这个解决方案在gradle环境中适用于我，但我希望在其他环境中也可以。|256367|Jar解决方案|256368|将生产文件重命名为persistence-ee.xml。现在我们完成了测试配置。对于生产，我们必须采用一些加工。每种环境都可能有自己的方式，这就是我在gradle中的方式：|256369|tasks.withType(Jar)+{
++rename+{+fileName+->
++++fileName+==+"persistence-ee.xml"+?+"persistence.xml"+:+fileName;
++}
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|256370|在我的应用程序中，只有在部署时才需要用于生产的persistence.xml文件，即在jar/war包中。只有这些地方才能看到这个文件。如果没有double+persistence，我无法启动我的数据库。主要原因是使用了jta-data-source，另一个原因是:两个独立的命名持久性单元。|256371|entityMap^0|C|F|1M|8|0|0|6|0|3|F|K|S|1O|15|0|0|0|7|0|9|I|0|0|N|F|27|B|32|F|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Z|8|@$9|10|A|11|B|C]|$9|12|A|13|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|14|8|@$9|15|A|16|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|17|8|@$9|18|A|19|B|C]|$9|1A|A|1B|B|C]|$9|1C|A|1D|B|C]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1F|8|@$9|1G|A|1H|B|D]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1I|8|@$9|1J|A|1K|B|C]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|S|7|1L|8|@]|E|@]|F|$T|U]]|$1|V|3|W|5|6|7|1M|8|@$9|1N|A|1O|B|C]|$9|1P|A|1Q|B|C]|$9|1R|A|1S|B|C]]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|X|3|-4|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]]|Y|$]]

So we want to have 2 separate <code>persistence.xml</code> files. One should be read only by production configuration, and the other for tests. The idea is to rename or hide the production files.

War solution

Don't put <code>persistence.xml</code> in <code>src\main\resources\META-INF\</code>. Instead put it into <code>src\main\webapp\WEB-INF\classes\META-INF\</code>. That's the location where the file should be and in this place it won't be visible by tests.

This solution works for me in gradle environment, but I hope in others would do too.

Jar solution

Rename the production file to <code>persistence-ee.xml</code>. Now we're done with the test configuration. For production we must employ some processing. Each environment may have its own way, that's how I do it in gradle:

<pre><code>tasks.withType(Jar) {
 rename { fileName -&gt;
 fileName == "persistence-ee.xml" ? "persistence.xml" : fileName;
 }
}
</code></pre>

In my applications having the <code>persistence.xml</code> file for production is necessary only at deployment time, that is in jar/war packages. And these are the only places where this file is visible. Without double <code>persistence</code> I couldn't start my database. The main reason was using <code>jta-data-source</code>, the other: 2 separate named persistence units.

blocks|key|254448|text|如果您使用OpenEJB来驱动您的测试，那么您可以使用任何您想要的JPA提供者来做您想做的事情。类似的问题和相关的答案在这里：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|254449|How+to+instruct+Maven+to+ignore+my+main/resources/persistence.xml+in+favor+of+test/...?|offset|length|254450|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3862853/how-to-instruct-maven-to-ignore-my-main-resources-persistence-xml-in-favor-of-tes/3908512#3908512^0|0|0|2F|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

If you were using OpenEJB to drive your testing, you could do exactly what you want using whichever JPA provider you want. Similar question and the related answer here:

<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3862853/how-to-instruct-maven-to-ignore-my-main-resources-persistence-xml-in-favor-of-tes/3908512#3908512">How to instruct Maven to ignore my main/resources/persistence.xml in favor of test/...?</a>

blocks|key|3156284|text|您可以在Spring中完全不使用persistence.xml来配置Hibernate，如下所示：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3156285|@Bean
public+LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean+entityManagerFactoryBean()
{
Map<String,+Object>+properties+=+new+Hashtable<>();
properties.put("javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action",
"none");
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter+adapter+=+new+HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
adapter.setDatabasePlatform("org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect");+//you+can+change+this+if+you+have+a+different+DB
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean+factory+=+new+LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(adapter);
factory.setDataSource(this.springJpaDataSource());
factory.setPackagesToScan("package+name");
factory.setSharedCacheMode(SharedCacheMode.ENABLE_SELECTIVE);
factory.setValidationMode(ValidationMode.NONE);
factory.setJpaPropertyMap(properties);
return+factory;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|3156286|由于您没有使用persistence.xml，因此您应该创建一个返回DataSource的bean，该bean是在设置数据源的上述方法中指定的：|3156287|@Bean
public+DataSource+springJpaDataSource()
{
DriverManagerDataSource+dataSource+=+new+DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost/SpringJpa");
dataSource.setUsername("tomcatUser");
dataSource.setPassword("password1234");
return+dataSource;
}|3156288|然后在此配置文件上使用@EnableTransactionManagement注释。现在，当您放置该注释时，您必须创建最后一个bean：|offset|length|style|CODE|3156289|@Bean
public+PlatformTransactionManager+jpaTransactionManager()
{
return+new+JpaTransactionManager(
this.entityManagerFactoryBean().getObject());
}|3156290|现在，不要忘记在处理DB的方法上使用@Transactional注释。|3156291|最后，不要忘记在存储库中注入EntityManager+(这个存储库类应该有@Repository注释)。|3156292|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|B|S|0|0|I|E|0|E|D|12|B|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@$M|13|N|14|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|16|8|@$M|17|N|18|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|19|8|@$M|1A|N|1B|O|P]|$M|1C|N|1D|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|X|$]]

You can configure Hibernate without using persistence.xml at all in Spring like like this:

<pre><code>@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean()
{
Map&lt;String, Object&gt; properties = new Hashtable&lt;&gt;();
properties.put("javax.persistence.schema-generation.database.action",
"none");
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter adapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
adapter.setDatabasePlatform("org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect"); //you can change this if you have a different DB
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(adapter);
factory.setDataSource(this.springJpaDataSource());
factory.setPackagesToScan("package name");
factory.setSharedCacheMode(SharedCacheMode.ENABLE_SELECTIVE);
factory.setValidationMode(ValidationMode.NONE);
factory.setJpaPropertyMap(properties);
return factory;
}
</code></pre>

Since you are not using persistence.xml, you should create a bean that returns DataSource which you specify in the above method that sets the data source:

<pre><code>@Bean
public DataSource springJpaDataSource()
{
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost/SpringJpa");
dataSource.setUsername("tomcatUser");
dataSource.setPassword("password1234");
return dataSource;
}
</code></pre>

Then you use <code>@EnableTransactionManagement</code> annotation over this configuration file. Now when you put that annotation, you have to create one last bean:

<pre><code>@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager jpaTransactionManager()
{
return new JpaTransactionManager(
this.entityManagerFactoryBean().getObject());
}
</code></pre>

Now, don't forget to use <code>@Transactional</code> Annotation over those method that deal with DB. 

Lastly, don't forget to inject <code>EntityManager</code> in your repository (This repository class should have <code>@Repository</code> annotation over it).

I know that with the instruction:

<pre><code>Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("persistence-unit-name");
</code></pre>

The JPA persistence mechanism reads the "persistence.xml" file, looks for the persistence unit called "persistence-unit-name", and constructs the EntityManagerFactory based on it.

My question is, how can I force JPA to take a file different from "persistence.xml"?? for example, "persistence-test.xml".

JPA using alternative "persistence.xml"

我知道有这样的指示：Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("persistence-unit-name");JPA持久性机制读取"persistence.xml“文件，查找名为" persistence - unit -name”的持久性单元，并基于它构造EntityManagerFactory。我的问题是，如何强制JPA接受与“persistence.xm

问JPA使用替代的"persistence.xml“
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