blocks|key|1054990|text|如果你的grep支持带有-P选项的Perl正则表达式，你可以这样做(如果是bash；如果是tcsh，你需要转义!)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1054991|grep+-P+'(?!.*unwanted_word)keyword'+file|code-block|syntax|javascript|1054992|演示：|1054993|$+cat+file
foo1
foo2
foo3
foo4
bar
baz|1054994|现在让我们列出除foo3之外的所有foo|1054995|$+grep+-P+'(?!.*foo3)foo'+file
foo1
foo2
foo4
$+|1054996|entityMap^0|4|4|C|2|1J|1|0|0|0|0|8|4|H|3|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|14|8|@$9|15|A|16|B|C]|$9|17|A|18|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|H|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$]]

If your <code>grep</code> supports Perl regular expression with <code>-P</code> option you can do (if bash; if tcsh you'll need to escape the <code>!</code>):

<pre><code>grep -P '(?!.*unwanted_word)keyword' file
</code></pre>

Demo:

<pre><code>$ cat file
foo1
foo2
foo3
foo4
bar
baz
</code></pre>

Let us now list all <code>foo</code> except <code>foo3</code>

<pre><code>$ grep -P '(?!.*foo3)foo' file
foo1
foo2
foo4
$ 
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1055040|text|-v选项将显示与模式不匹配的所有行。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1055041|grep+-v+%5Eunwanted_word|code-block|syntax|javascript|1055042|entityMap^0|0|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

The <code>-v</code> option will show you all the lines that don't match the pattern.

<pre><code>grep -v ^unwanted_word
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1055076|text|使用grep+-v进行反向匹配：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1055077|grep+-v+"unwanted+word"+file+pattern|code-block|syntax|javascript|1055078|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Invert match using grep -v:

<pre><code>grep -v "unwanted word" file pattern
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1055178|text|我把这个问题理解为“如何匹配一个单词但排除另一个单词”，其中一个解决方案是两个grep+:第一个grep找到想要的"word1"，第二个grep排除"word2"：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1055179|grep+"word1"+%7C+grep+-v+"word2"|code-block|syntax|javascript|1055180|在我的例子中:我需要区分"plot“和"#plot”，而grep的"word“选项做不到这一点("#”不是字母数字)。|1055181|希望这能有所帮助。|1055182|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

I understood the question as "How do I match a word but exclude another", for which one solution is two greps in series: First grep finding the wanted "word1", second grep excluding "word2":

<pre><code>grep "word1" | grep -v "word2"
</code></pre>

In my case: I need to differentiate between "plot" and "#plot" which grep's "word" option won't do ("#" not being a alphanumerical).

Hope this helps.

blocks|key|840511|text|grep提供'-v‘或'--invert-match’选项来选择不匹配的行。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|840512|例如：|840513|grep+-v+'unwanted_pattern'+file_name|code-block|syntax|javascript|840514|这将输出文件file_name中的所有行，该文件没有'unwanted_pattern‘。|840515|如果要在文件夹内的多个文件中搜索模式，则可以使用递归搜索选项，如下所示|840516|grep+-r+'wanted_pattern'+*+%7C+grep+-v+'unwanted_pattern'|840517|在这里，grep将尝试列出当前目录中所有文件中出现的所有'wanted_pattern‘，并将其传递给第二个grep，以过滤掉'unwanted_pattern’。'%7C‘-管道将告诉shell将左程序(grep+-r+'wanted_pattern’*)的标准输出连接到右程序(grep+-v+'unwanted_pattern')的标准输入。|840518|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|F|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

grep provides '-v' or '--invert-match' option to select non-matching lines.

e.g. 

<pre><code>grep -v 'unwanted_pattern' file_name
</code></pre>

This will output all the lines from file file_name, which does not have 'unwanted_pattern'.

If you are searching the pattern in multiple files inside a folder, you can use the recursive search option as follows

<pre><code>grep -r 'wanted_pattern' * | grep -v 'unwanted_pattern'
</code></pre>

Here grep will try to list all the occurrences of 'wanted_pattern' in all the files from within currently directory and pass it to second grep to filter out the 'unwanted_pattern'. 
'|' - pipe will tell shell to connect the standard output of left program (grep -r 'wanted_pattern' *) to standard input of right program (grep -v 'unwanted_pattern').

blocks|key|1055291|text|我有一个目录，里面有一堆文件。我想查找所有不包含字符串"speedup“的文件，所以我成功地使用了以下命令：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1055292|grep+-iL+speedup+*|code-block|syntax|javascript|1055293|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I've a directory with a bunch of files. I want to find all the files that DO NOT contain the string "speedup" so I successfully used the following command:

<pre><code>grep -iL speedup *
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1055308|text|我使用grep+-vw+"%5E/"排除了根("/")挂载点。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1055309|#+cat+/tmp/topfsfind.txt%7C+head+-4+%7Cawk+'{print+$NF}'
/
/root/.m2
/root
/var

#+cat+/tmp/topfsfind.txt%7C+head+-4+%7Cawk+'{print+$NF}'+%7C+grep+-vw+"%5E/"
/root/.m2
/root
/var|code-block|syntax|javascript|1055310|entityMap^0|3|D|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

I excluded the root (&quot;/&quot;) mount point by using <code>grep -vw &quot;^/&quot;</code>.
<pre><code># cat /tmp/topfsfind.txt| head -4 |awk '{print $NF}'
/
/root/.m2
/root
/var

# cat /tmp/topfsfind.txt| head -4 |awk '{print $NF}' | grep -vw &quot;^/&quot;
/root/.m2
/root
/var
</code></pre>

I need something like:

<pre><code>grep ^"unwanted_word"XXXXXXXX
</code></pre>

How can I exclude one word with grep?

我需要像这样的东西：grep ^"unwanted_word"XXXXXXXX

问如何使用grep排除一个单词？
EN

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问如何使用grep排除一个单词？
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