三种不同的编译器显示了三种不同的编译代码的行为：

class MyException : public std::exception
{
 public:
  MyException(std::string str) : m_str(str) {}
  virtual const char * what() const throw () {return m_str.c_str(); }
 protected:
  std::string m_str;
};

Sun C++ 5.8 Patch 121017-22 2010/09/29: Warning Function MyException::~MyException() can throw only the exceptions thrown by the function std::exception::~exception() it overrides

g++ 3.4.3: Error looser throw specifier for `virtual MyException::~MyException()'

VisualStudio 2005：(既无错误也无警告)

class exception {
public:
  exception () throw();
  exception (const exception&) throw();
  exception& operator= (const exception&) throw();
  virtual ~exception() throw();
  virtual const char* what() const throw();
}

我知道问题所在，也知道如何解决问题：

class MyException : public std::exception
{
 public:
  MyException(std::string str) : m_str(str) {}
  virtual const char * what() const throw () {return m_str.c_str(); }
  ~MyException() throw() {}  <------------ now it is fine!
 protected:
  std::string m_str;
};

然而，我想知道标准在特定情况下说了些什么。

我在VisualStudio 2005中运行了另一个小测试，我发现了一些让我感到惊讶的东西：

struct Base
{
    virtual int foo() const throw() { return 5; }
};

struct Derived : public Base
{
    int foo() const { return 6; }
};

int main()
{
    Base* b = new Derived;
    std::cout << b->foo() << std::endl; //<-- this line print 6!!!
    delete b;
}

这两个函数的签名是不同的。这怎么行？Visualstudio 2005似乎完全忽略了异常规范。

struct Base
{
    virtual int foo() const throw() { return 5; }
};

struct Derived : public Base
{
    int foo() { return 6; } // I have removed the const keyword 
                            // and the signature has changed
};

int main()
{
    Base* b = new Derived;
    std::cout << b->foo() << std::endl; // <-- this line print 5
    delete b;
}

这是c++标准吗？

VS 2008和VS 2010怎么办？