blocks|key|3091309|text|下面是一个使用ggplot2的示例|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3091310|q+<-+qplot(cty,+hwy,+data+=+mpg,+colour+=+displ)
q+%2B+xlab(expression(beta+%2Bfrac(miles,+gallon)))|code-block|syntax|javascript|3091311|​|3091312|📷|atomic|3091313|entityMap|0|IMAGE|mutability|IMMUTABLE|imageUrl|https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-900000/6b127b5fb1adeb5e9f3a0ffb90320bb1.png|imageAlt^0|7|7|0|0|0|0|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|O|7|13|8|@]|D|@$9|14|A|15|1|16]]|E|$]]|$1|P|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|Q|$R|$5|S|T|U|E|$V|W|X|-4]]]]

Here's an example using <code>ggplot2</code>:

<pre><code>q &lt;- qplot(cty, hwy, data = mpg, colour = displ)
q + xlab(expression(beta +frac(miles, gallon)))
</code></pre>

<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/eK67Q.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/eK67Q.png" alt="alt text"></a>

blocks|key|332139|text|The+CRAN+package+latex2exp包含一个TeX函数，用于将LaTeX公式转换为R的绘图数学表达式。可以在可以输入数学注释的任何位置使用它，例如轴标签、图例标签和常规文本。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|332140|例如：|332141|x+<-+seq(0,+4,+length.out=100)
alpha+<-+1:5

plot(x,+xlim=c(0,+4),+ylim=c(0,+10),+
+++++xlab='x',+ylab=TeX('$\\alpha++x%5E\\alpha$,+where+$\\alpha+\\in+1\\ldots+5$'),+
+++++type='n',+main=TeX('Using+$\\LaTeX$+for+plotting+in+base+graphics!'))

invisible(sapply(alpha,+function(a)+lines(x,+a*x%5Ea,+col=a)))

legend('topleft',+legend=TeX(sprintf("$\\alpha+=+%25d$",+alpha)),+
+++++++lwd=1,+col=alpha)|code-block|syntax|javascript|332142|生成this+plot。|332143|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/stefano-meschiari/latex2exp|1|https://github.com/stefano-meschiari/latex2exp/raw/master/README_files/figure-markdown_github/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png^0|U|3|0|Q|0|0|0|0|2|9|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@$9|17|A|18|1|19]]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|V]]|W|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|X]]]]

<a href="https://github.com/stefano-meschiari/latex2exp" rel="noreferrer" title="latex2exp">The CRAN package latex2exp</a> contains a <code>TeX</code> function that translate LaTeX formulas to R's plotmath expressions. You can use it anywhere you could enter mathematical annotations, such as axis labels, legend labels, and general text.

For example:

<pre class="lang-r prettyprint-override"><code>x &lt;- seq(0, 4, length.out=100)
alpha &lt;- 1:5

plot(x, xlim=c(0, 4), ylim=c(0, 10), 
 xlab='x', ylab=TeX('$\\alpha x^\\alpha$, where $\\alpha \\in 1\\ldots 5$'), 
 type='n', main=TeX('Using $\\LaTeX$ for plotting in base graphics!'))

invisible(sapply(alpha, function(a) lines(x, a*x^a, col=a)))

legend('topleft', legend=TeX(sprintf("$\\alpha = %d$", alpha)), 
 lwd=1, col=alpha)
</code></pre>

produces <a href="https://github.com/stefano-meschiari/latex2exp/raw/master/README_files/figure-markdown_github/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" rel="noreferrer">this plot</a>.

blocks|key|3091279|text|与从here窃取的一样，以下命令正确地使用LaTeX来绘制标题：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3091280|plot(1,+main=expression(beta[1]))|code-block|syntax|javascript|3091281|有关更多详细信息，请参阅?plotmath。|style|CODE|3091282|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/e7/help/09/06/0676.html^0|2|4|0|0|0|C|9|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$A|V|B|W|1|X]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|Z|8|@$A|10|B|11|K|L]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|C|$S|T]]]]

As stolen from <a href="http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/e7/help/09/06/0676.html" rel="noreferrer">here</a>, the following command correctly uses LaTeX to draw the title:

<pre><code>plot(1, main=expression(beta[1]))
</code></pre>

See <code>?plotmath</code> for more details.

blocks|key|3091267|text|您可以从R：http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/tikzdevice/生成tikz代码|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3091268|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/tikzdevice/^0|6|1D|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

You can generate tikz code from R: 
<a href="http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/tikzdevice/" rel="noreferrer">http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/tikzdevice/</a>

blocks|key|329433|text|这是我自己实验室报告中的一些东西。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|329434|329435|tickzDevice为LaTeX|unordered-list-item|offset|length|style|CODE|329436|Note，导出tikz图像，在某些情况下，"\\"变为"\"，"$"变为"$\"，如以下R代码所示："$z\\frac{a}{b}$"+->+"$\z\frac{a}{b}$\"|329437|Also+xtable将表导出为latex代码|329438|329439|代码：|329440|library(reshape2)
library(plyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(systemfit)
library(xtable)
require(graphics)
require(tikzDevice)

setwd("~/DataFolder/")
Lab5p9+<-+read.csv+(file="~/DataFolder/Lab5part9.csv",+comment.char="#")

AR+<-+subset(Lab5p9,Region+==+"Forward.Active")

#+make+sure+the+data+names+aren't+already+in+latex+format,+it+interferes+with+the+ggplot+~++#+tikzDecice+combo
colnames(AR)+<-+c("$V_{BB}[V]$",+"$V_{RB}[V]$"+,++"$V_{RC}[V]$"+,+"$I_B[\\mu+A]$"+,+"IC"+,+"$V_{BE}[V]$"+,+"$V_{CE}[V]$"+,+"beta"+,+"$I_E[mA]$")

#+make+sure+the+working+directory+is+where+you+want+your+tikz+file+to+go
setwd("~/TexImageFolder/")

#+export+plot+as+a+.tex+file+in+the+tikz+format
tikz('betaplot.tex',+width+=+6,height+=+3.5,pointsize+=+12)+#define+plot+name+size+and+font+size

#define+plot+margin+widths
par(mar=c(3,5,3,5))+#+The+syntax+is+mar=c(bottom,+left,+top,+right).

ggplot(AR,+aes(x=IC,+y=beta))+%2B++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++#+define+data+set+
++++geom_point(colour="#000000",size=1.5)+%2B++++++++++++++++#+use+points
++++geom_smooth(method=loess,span=2)+%2B+++++++++++++++++++++#+use+smooth
++++theme_bw()+%2B++++++++++++++++++++#+no+grey+background
++++xlab("$I_C[mA]$")+%2B+++++++++++++++++#+x+axis+label+in+latex+format
++++ylab+("$\\beta$")+%2B+++++++++++++++++#+y+axis+label+in+latex+format
++++theme(axis.title.y=element_text(angle=0))+%2B+#+rotate+y+axis+label
++++theme(axis.title.x=element_text(vjust=-0.5))+%2B++#+adjust+x+axis+label+down
++++theme(axis.title.y=element_text(hjust=-0.5))+%2B++#+adjust+y+axis+lable+left
++++theme(panel.grid.major=element_line(colour="grey80",+size=0.5))+%2B#+major+grid+color
++++theme(panel.grid.minor=element_line(colour="grey95",+size=0.4))+%2B#+minor+grid+color+
++++scale_x_continuous(minor_breaks=seq(0,9.5,by=0.5))+%2B#+adjust+x+minor+grid+spacing
++++scale_y_continuous(minor_breaks=seq(170,185,by=0.5))+%2B+#+adjust+y+minor+grid+spacing
++++theme(panel.border=element_rect(colour="black",size=.75))#+border+color+and+size

dev.off()+#+export+file+and+exit+tikzDevice+function|code-block|syntax|javascript|329441|entityMap^0|0|0|0|B|C|5|0|7|4|L|4|R|3|V|3|10|4|1E|13|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|Z|8|@$F|10|G|11|H|I]|$F|12|G|13|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|E|7|14|8|@$F|15|G|16|H|I]|$F|17|G|18|H|I]|$F|19|G|1A|H|I]|$F|1B|G|1C|H|I]|$F|1D|G|1E|H|I]|$F|1F|G|1G|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|E|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|S|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$T|U]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|W|$]]

Here's something from my own Lab Reports.

<ul>
<li><code>tickzDevice</code> exports <code>tikz</code> images for <code>LaTeX</code></li>
<li>Note, that in certain cases <code>"\\"</code> becomes <code>"\"</code> and <code>"$"</code> becomes <code>"$\"</code> as in the following R code: <code>"$z\\frac{a}{b}$" -&gt; "$\z\frac{a}{b}$\"</code></li>
<li>Also xtable exports tables to latex code</li>
</ul>

The code:

<pre><code>library(reshape2)
library(plyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(systemfit)
library(xtable)
require(graphics)
require(tikzDevice)

setwd("~/DataFolder/")
Lab5p9 &lt;- read.csv (file="~/DataFolder/Lab5part9.csv", comment.char="#")

AR &lt;- subset(Lab5p9,Region == "Forward.Active")

# make sure the data names aren't already in latex format, it interferes with the ggplot ~ # tikzDecice combo
colnames(AR) &lt;- c("$V_{BB}[V]$", "$V_{RB}[V]$" , "$V_{RC}[V]$" , "$I_B[\\mu A]$" , "IC" , "$V_{BE}[V]$" , "$V_{CE}[V]$" , "beta" , "$I_E[mA]$")

# make sure the working directory is where you want your tikz file to go
setwd("~/TexImageFolder/")

# export plot as a .tex file in the tikz format
tikz('betaplot.tex', width = 6,height = 3.5,pointsize = 12) #define plot name size and font size

#define plot margin widths
par(mar=c(3,5,3,5)) # The syntax is mar=c(bottom, left, top, right).

ggplot(AR, aes(x=IC, y=beta)) + # define data set 
 geom_point(colour="#000000",size=1.5) + # use points
 geom_smooth(method=loess,span=2) + # use smooth
 theme_bw() + # no grey background
 xlab("$I_C[mA]$") + # x axis label in latex format
 ylab ("$\\beta$") + # y axis label in latex format
 theme(axis.title.y=element_text(angle=0)) + # rotate y axis label
 theme(axis.title.x=element_text(vjust=-0.5)) + # adjust x axis label down
 theme(axis.title.y=element_text(hjust=-0.5)) + # adjust y axis lable left
 theme(panel.grid.major=element_line(colour="grey80", size=0.5)) +# major grid color
 theme(panel.grid.minor=element_line(colour="grey95", size=0.4)) +# minor grid color 
 scale_x_continuous(minor_breaks=seq(0,9.5,by=0.5)) +# adjust x minor grid spacing
 scale_y_continuous(minor_breaks=seq(170,185,by=0.5)) + # adjust y minor grid spacing
 theme(panel.border=element_rect(colour="black",size=.75))# border color and size

dev.off() # export file and exit tikzDevice function
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3304264|text|这是一个很酷的函数，它允许您使用plotmath功能，但将表达式存储为字符模式的对象。这使您可以使用粘贴或正则表达式函数以编程方式操作它们。我不使用ggplot，但它也应该可以在那里工作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3304265|++++express+<-+function(char.expressions){
+++++++return(parse(text=paste(char.expressions,collapse=";")))
++++}
++++par(mar=c(6,6,1,1))
++++plot(0,0,xlim=sym(),ylim=sym(),xaxt="n",yaxt="n",mgp=c(4,0.2,0),
+++++++xlab="axis(1,(-9:9)/10,tick.labels,las=2,cex.axis=0.8)",
+++++++ylab="axis(2,(-9:9)/10,express(tick.labels),las=1,cex.axis=0.8)")
++++tick.labels+<-+paste("x+>=",(-9:9)/10)
++++#+this+is+what+you+get+if+you+just+use+tick.labels+the+regular+way:
++++axis(1,(-9:9)/10,tick.labels,las=2,cex.axis=0.8)
++++#+but+if+you+express()+them...+voila!
++++axis(2,(-9:9)/10,express(tick.labels),las=1,cex.axis=0.8)|code-block|syntax|javascript|3304266|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Here's a cool function that lets you use the plotmath functionality, but with the expressions stored as objects of the character mode. This lets you manipulate them programmatically using paste or regular expression functions. I don't use ggplot, but it should work there as well:

<pre><code> express &lt;- function(char.expressions){
 return(parse(text=paste(char.expressions,collapse=";")))
 }
 par(mar=c(6,6,1,1))
 plot(0,0,xlim=sym(),ylim=sym(),xaxt="n",yaxt="n",mgp=c(4,0.2,0),
 xlab="axis(1,(-9:9)/10,tick.labels,las=2,cex.axis=0.8)",
 ylab="axis(2,(-9:9)/10,express(tick.labels),las=1,cex.axis=0.8)")
 tick.labels &lt;- paste("x &gt;=",(-9:9)/10)
 # this is what you get if you just use tick.labels the regular way:
 axis(1,(-9:9)/10,tick.labels,las=2,cex.axis=0.8)
 # but if you express() them... voila!
 axis(2,(-9:9)/10,express(tick.labels),las=1,cex.axis=0.8)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|332083|text|几年前，我通过输出到.fig格式而不是直接输出到.pdf来做到这一点；您可以编写包含latex代码的标题，然后使用fig2ps或fig2pdf创建最终的图形文件。我不得不这样做的设置与R2.5背道而驰；如果我不得不再次这样做，我会转而研究tikz，但无论如何，我都会在这里将其作为另一个潜在的选择。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|332084|我关于如何使用Sweave的注释在这里：http://www.stat.umn.edu/~arendahl/computing|offset|length|332085|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.stat.umn.edu/~arendahl/computing^0|0|K|17|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

I did this a few years ago by outputting to a .fig format instead of directly to a .pdf; you write the titles including the latex code and use fig2ps or fig2pdf to create the final graphic file. The setup I had to do this broke with R 2.5; if I had to do it again I'd look into tikz instead, but am including this here anyway as another potential option.

My notes on how I did it using Sweave are here: <a href="http://www.stat.umn.edu/~arendahl/computing" rel="nofollow">http://www.stat.umn.edu/~arendahl/computing</a>

blocks|key|332131|text|我只是有一个变通办法。可以首先生成一个eps文件，然后使用工具eps2pgf将其转换回pgf。请参阅http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/eps2pgf/|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|332132|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/eps2pgf/^0|1E|1A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

I just have a workaround. One may first generate an eps file, then convert it back to pgf using the tool eps2pgf. See <a href="http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/eps2pgf/" rel="nofollow">http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/eps2pgf/</a>

blocks|key|332148|text|h+<-+rnorm(mean+=+5,+sd+=+1,+n+=+1000)+hist(h,+main+=+expression(paste("Sampled+values,+",+mu,+"=5,+",+sigma,+++++"=1")))|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|332149|摘自这里的一篇非常有帮助的文章https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/r/codefragments/greek_letters/|332150|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/r/codefragments/greek_letters/^0|0|3D|0|F|1M|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@$9|Q|A|R|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@$9|T|A|U|1|V]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|E|$N|O]]]]

<code>h &lt;- rnorm(mean = 5, sd = 1, n = 1000)
hist(h, main = expression(paste("Sampled values, ", mu, "=5, ", sigma,
 "=1")))</code>

Taken from a very help article here <a href="https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/r/codefragments/greek_letters/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/r/codefragments/greek_letters/</a>

I would like to add <code>LaTeX</code> typesetting to elements of plots in <code>R</code> (e.g: the title, axis labels, annotations, etc.) using either the combination of <code>base/lattice</code> or with <code>ggplot2</code>.

Questions:

<ul>
<li>Is there a way to get <code>LaTeX</code> into plots using these packages, and if so, how is it done? </li>
<li>If not, are there additional packages needed to accomplish this.</li>
</ul>

For example, in <code>Python matplotlib</code> compiles <code>LaTeX</code> via the <code>text.usetex</code> packages as discussed here: <a href="http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/UsingTex" rel="noreferrer">http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/UsingTex</a>

Is there a similar process by which such plots can be generated in <code>R</code>?

Getting LaTeX into R Plots

我想在R中将LaTeX排版添加到绘图元素中(例如:标题、轴标签、注释等)。使用base/lattice或ggplot2的组合。问题：有没有办法使用这些软件包让LaTeX进入绘图，如果有，是怎么做的？如果没有，是否需要额外的软件包来实现这一点。例如，在Python matplotlib中通过text.usetex包编译LaTeX，如下所述：是否有类似的过程可以在R中生成这样的图

问将LaTeX引入R图
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回答 9

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