blocks|key|11742|text|当我使用pip安装matplotlib时也遇到了类似的问题。默认情况下，它安装的最新版本是1.5.0。但是，我有另一个使用Python3.4和matplotlib1.4.3的虚拟环境，当我导入matplotlib.pyplot时，这个环境工作得很好。因此，我使用以下命令安装了matplotlib的早期版本：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|11743|cd+path_to_virtual_environment++++#+assume+directory+is+called+env3
env3/bin/pip+install+matplotlib==1.4.3|code-block|syntax|javascript|11744|我知道这只是一种变通办法，但它对我来说是一种短期的解决办法。|11745|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

I had similar problem when I used pip to install matplotlib. By default, it installed the latest version which was 1.5.0. However, I had another virtual environment with Python 3.4 and matplotlib 1.4.3 and this environment worked fine when I imported matplotlib.pyplot. Therefore, I installed the earlier version of matplotlib using the following:

<pre><code>cd path_to_virtual_environment # assume directory is called env3
env3/bin/pip install matplotlib==1.4.3
</code></pre>

I know this is only a work-around, but it worked for me as a short-term fix.

blocks|key|4519393|text|尽管大多数答案似乎指向修补activate脚本以使用system+python，但我遇到了问题，对我来说，一个简单的解决方案是将matplotlib安装到全局环境中并使用它，而不是一个虚拟环境实例。您可以通过使用--system-site-packages标志创建virtualenv来实现这一点，比如virtualenv+--system-site-packages+foo，或者在像pip+install+-U+matplotlib这样的pip安装时使用通用标志。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|4519394|entityMap^0|D|8|47|11|5D|P|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]|$9|K|A|L|B|C]|$9|M|A|N|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

Although most answers seem to point towards patching the <code>activate</code> script to use the system python, I was having trouble getting that to work and an easy solution for me - though a little cringey - was to install matplotlib to the global environment and use that instead of a virtualenv instance. You can do this either by creating your virtualenv with the --system-site-packages flag like <code>virtualenv --system-site-packages foo</code>, or to use the universal flag when pip installing like <code>pip install -U matplotlib</code>.

blocks|key|11817|text|您可以通过使用后端Agg来修复此问题|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|11818|转到User/yourname/.matplotlib并打开/创建matplotlibrc，然后添加以下行backend+:+Agg，它应该可以为您工作。|11819|entityMap^0|9|3|0|2|P|X|C|1H|D|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@$9|K|A|L|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]|$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$]]

You can fix this issue by using the backend <code>Agg</code>

Go to <code>User/yourname/.matplotlib</code> and open/create <code>matplotlibrc</code> and add the following line <code>backend : Agg</code> and it should work for you.

blocks|key|11848|text|这个solution对我很有效。如果您已经使用pip在您的虚拟环境中安装了matplotlib，则只需键入以下内容：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|11849|$+cd+~/.matplotlib
$+nano+matplotlibrc|code-block|syntax|javascript|11850|然后，在那里编写backend:+TkAgg。如果您需要更多信息，只需转到解决方案链接。|style|CODE|11851|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21784641/installation-issue-with-matplotlib-python^0|2|8|0|0|0|8|E|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$A|V|B|W|1|X]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|Z|8|@$A|10|B|11|K|L]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|C|$S|T]]]]

This <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21784641/installation-issue-with-matplotlib-python">solution</a> worked for me. If you already installed matplotlib using pip on your virtual environment, you can just type the following:

<pre><code>$ cd ~/.matplotlib
$ nano matplotlibrc
</code></pre>

And then, write <code>backend: TkAgg</code> in there. 
If you need more information, just go to the solution link.

blocks|key|11932|text|如果您不想设置.matplotib/matplotlibrc配置文件，可以通过在导入matplotlib之后、导入matplotlib.pyplot之前在运行时设置'Agg'后端来解决此问题|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|11933|In+[1]:+import+matplotlib

In+[2]:+matplotlib.use('Agg')

In+[3]:+import+matplotlib.pyplot+as+plt

In+[4]:+fig,+ax+=+plt.subplots(1,+1)

In+[5]:+import+numpy+as+np

In+[6]:+x+=+np.linspace(-1.,+1.)

In+[7]:+y+=+np.sin(x)

In+[8]:+ax.plot(x,+y)
Out[8]:+[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D+at+0x1057ecf10>]

In+[9=]:+fig.savefig('myplot.png')|code-block|syntax|javascript|11934|​|11935|📷|atomic|11936|11937|entityMap|0|IMAGE|mutability|IMMUTABLE|imageUrl|https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-900000/b765e00b3b6401b4dcb62e6ab84c78ac.png|imageAlt^0|7|N|16|A|1L|H|2A|5|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Z|8|@$9|10|A|11|B|C]|$9|12|A|13|B|C]|$9|14|A|15|B|C]|$9|16|A|17|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|O|7|1A|8|@]|D|@$9|1B|A|1C|1|1D]]|E|$]]|$1|P|3|L|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|E|$W|X|Y|-4]]]]

If you do not want to set a <code>.matplotib/matplotlibrc</code> configuration file, you can circumvent this issue by setting the <code>'Agg'</code> backend at runtime right after importing <code>matplotlib</code> and before importing <code>matplotlib.pyplot</code>:

<pre><code>In [1]: import matplotlib

In [2]: matplotlib.use('Agg')

In [3]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [4]: fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)

In [5]: import numpy as np

In [6]: x = np.linspace(-1., 1.)

In [7]: y = np.sin(x)

In [8]: ax.plot(x, y)
Out[8]: [&lt;matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1057ecf10&gt;]

In [9=]: fig.savefig('myplot.png')
</code></pre>

<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/z94Go.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/z94Go.png" alt="enter image description here"></a>

blocks|key|12007|text|一种干净而简单的解决方案是创建一个将PYTHONHOME设置为VIRTUAL_ENV的内核，然后使用system+Python可执行文件(而不是virtualenv中的可执行文件)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|12008|如果您想自动创建这样一个内核，您可以使用jupyter-virtualenv-osx脚本。|12009|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/mapio/jupyter-virtualenv-osx^0|I|A|V|B|0|K|M|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@$9|Q|A|R|B|C]|$9|S|A|T|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|U|8|@]|D|@$9|V|A|W|1|X]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|E|$N|O]]]]

A clean and easy solution is to create a kernel that sets <code>PYTHONHOME</code> to <code>VIRTUAL_ENV</code> and then uses the system Python executable (instead of the one in the virtualenv).

If you want to automate the creation of such a kernel, you can use the <a href="https://github.com/mapio/jupyter-virtualenv-osx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">jupyter-virtualenv-osx</a> script.

I am working with flask in a virtual environment. I was able to install matplotlib with pip, and I can <code>import matplotlib</code> in a Python session. However, when I import it as 

<pre><code>matplotlib.pyplot as plt
</code></pre>

I get the following error: 

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
 File "//anaconda/envs/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 109, in &lt;module&gt;
 _backend_mod, new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive, _show = pylab_setup()
 File "//anaconda/envs/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/__init__.py", line 32, in pylab_setup
 globals(),locals(),[backend_name],0)
 File "//anaconda/envs/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py", line 24, in &lt;module&gt;
 from matplotlib.backends import _macosx
RuntimeError: Python is not installed as a framework. The Mac OS X backend will not be able to function correctly if Python is not installed as a framework. See the Python documentation for more information on installing Python as a framework on Mac OS X. Please either reinstall Python as a framework, or try one of the other backends.
</code></pre>

I am confused about why it asks me to install Python as framework. Doesn't it already exists? What does it mean to "install Python as framework", and how do I install it?

Unable to "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt" in virtualenv

Python

我在一个虚拟环境中使用flask。我能够使用pip安装matplotlib，并且我可以在Python会话中使用import matplotlib。但是，当我将其导入为matplotlib.pyplot as plt我得到以下错误：>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as pltTraceback ...

问无法在虚拟环境中将matplotlib.pyplot作为plt导入
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