blocks|key|1656137|text|C和C%2B%2B对I/O有一个非常抽象的看法，并且没有标准的方法来做你想做的事情。有一些标准的方法可以从标准输入流中获取字符，如果有任何要获取的方法，其他任何语言都没有定义。因此，任何答案都必须是特定于平台的，可能不仅取决于操作系统，还取决于软件框架。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1656138|这里有一些合理的猜测，但如果不知道您的目标环境是什么，就无法回答您的问题。|1656139|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

C and C++ take a very abstract view of I/O, and there is no standard way of doing what you want. There are standard ways to get characters from the standard input stream, if there are any to get, and nothing else is defined by either language. Any answer will therefore have to be platform-specific, perhaps depending not only on the operating system but also the software framework.

There's some reasonable guesses here, but there's no way to answer your question without knowing what your target environment is.

blocks|key|1441510|text|CONIO.H|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1441511|您需要的函数包括：|1441512|int+getch();
Prototype
++++int+_getch(void);+
Description
++++_getch+obtains+a+character++from+stdin.+Input+is+unbuffered,+and+this
++++routine++will++return+as++soon+as++a+character+is++available++without+
++++waiting+for+a+carriage+return.+The+character+is+not+echoed+to+stdout.
++++_getch+bypasses+the+normal+buffering+done+by+getchar+and+getc.+ungetc+
++++cannot+be+used+with+_getch.+
Synonym
++++Function:+getch+


int+kbhit();
Description
++++Checks+if+a+keyboard+key+has+been+pressed+but+not+yet+read.+
Return+Value
++++Returns+a+non-zero+value+if+a+key+was+pressed.+Otherwise,+returns+0.|code-block|syntax|javascript|1441513|libconio+http://sourceforge.net/projects/libconio|offset|length|1441514|或|1441515|conio.h+http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-conioh的Linux+c%2B%2B实现|1441516|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://sourceforge.net/projects/libconio|1|http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-conioh^0|0|0|0|9|14|0|0|0|8|18|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@$K|14|L|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@$K|19|L|1A|1|1B]]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|X]]|Y|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|Z]]]]

CONIO.H

the functions you need are:

<pre><code>int getch();
Prototype
 int _getch(void); 
Description
 _getch obtains a character from stdin. Input is unbuffered, and this
 routine will return as soon as a character is available without 
 waiting for a carriage return. The character is not echoed to stdout.
 _getch bypasses the normal buffering done by getchar and getc. ungetc 
 cannot be used with _getch. 
Synonym
 Function: getch 


int kbhit();
Description
 Checks if a keyboard key has been pressed but not yet read. 
Return Value
 Returns a non-zero value if a key was pressed. Otherwise, returns 0.
</code></pre>

libconio
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libconio" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://sourceforge.net/projects/libconio</a>

or

Linux c++ implementation of conio.h
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-conioh" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-conioh</a>

blocks|key|1441551|text|如果您使用的是windows，则可以使用PeekConsoleInput来检测是否有任何输入，|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1441552|HANDLE+handle+=+GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
DWORD+events;
INPUT_RECORD+buffer;
PeekConsoleInput(+handle,+&buffer,+1,+&events+);|code-block|syntax|javascript|1441553|然后使用ReadConsoleInput“消费”输入字符。|1441554|PeekConsoleInput(handle,+&buffer,+1,+&events);
if(events+>+0)
{
++++ReadConsoleInput(handle,+&buffer,+1,+&events);++
++++return+buffer.Event.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode;
}
else+return+0|1441555|老实说，这是来自我的一些旧代码，所以你必须对它进行一些修改。|1441556|不过，最酷的是，它读取输入时不会提示任何内容，因此根本不会显示字符。|1441557|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms684344(VS.85).aspx^0|K|G|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$A|Z|B|10|1|11]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|X]]]]

If you are on windows, you can use <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms684344(VS.85).aspx" rel="noreferrer">PeekConsoleInput</a> to detect if there's any input, 

<pre><code>HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
DWORD events;
INPUT_RECORD buffer;
PeekConsoleInput( handle, &amp;buffer, 1, &amp;events );
</code></pre>

then use ReadConsoleInput to "consume" the input character ..

<pre><code>PeekConsoleInput(handle, &amp;buffer, 1, &amp;events);
if(events &gt; 0)
{
 ReadConsoleInput(handle, &amp;buffer, 1, &amp;events); 
 return buffer.Event.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode;
}
else return 0
</code></pre>

to be honest this is from some old code I have, so you have to fiddle a bit with it.

The cool thing though is that it reads input without prompting for anything, so the characters are not displayed at all.

blocks|key|1656262|text|我在另一个论坛上发现了这一点，同时希望解决同样的问题。我在我发现的基础上对它做了一些修改。它工作得很好。我运行的是OS，所以如果你运行的是Microsoft，你需要找到正确的system()命令来切换到raw和cooked模式。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1656263|#include+<iostream>+
#include+<stdio.h>++
using+namespace+std;++

int+main()+{+
++//+Output+prompt+
++cout+<<+"Press+any+key+to+continue..."+<<+endl;+

++//+Set+terminal+to+raw+mode+
++system("stty+raw");+

++//+Wait+for+single+character+
++char+input+=+getchar();+

++//+Echo+input:
++cout+<<+"--"+<<+input+<<+"--";

++//+Reset+terminal+to+normal+"cooked"+mode+
++system("stty+cooked");+

++//+And+we're+out+of+here+
++return+0;+
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1656264|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I found this on another forum while looking to solve the same problem. I've modified it a bit from what I found. It works great. I'm running OS X, so if you're running Microsoft, you'll need to find the correct system() command to switch to raw and cooked modes. 

<pre><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt; 
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; 
using namespace std; 

int main() { 
 // Output prompt 
 cout &lt;&lt; "Press any key to continue..." &lt;&lt; endl; 

 // Set terminal to raw mode 
 system("stty raw"); 

 // Wait for single character 
 char input = getchar(); 

 // Echo input:
 cout &lt;&lt; "--" &lt;&lt; input &lt;&lt; "--";

 // Reset terminal to normal "cooked" mode 
 system("stty cooked"); 

 // And we're out of here 
 return 0; 
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1656308|text|在Linux+(和其他类unix系统)上，这可以通过以下方式完成：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1656309|#include+<unistd.h>
#include+<termios.h>

char+getch()+{
++++++++char+buf+=+0;
++++++++struct+termios+old+=+{0};
++++++++if+(tcgetattr(0,+&old)+<+0)
++++++++++++++++perror("tcsetattr()");
++++++++old.c_lflag+&=+~ICANON;
++++++++old.c_lflag+&=+~ECHO;
++++++++old.c_cc[VMIN]+=+1;
++++++++old.c_cc[VTIME]+=+0;
++++++++if+(tcsetattr(0,+TCSANOW,+&old)+<+0)
++++++++++++++++perror("tcsetattr+ICANON");
++++++++if+(read(0,+&buf,+1)+<+0)
++++++++++++++++perror+("read()");
++++++++old.c_lflag+%7C=+ICANON;
++++++++old.c_lflag+%7C=+ECHO;
++++++++if+(tcsetattr(0,+TCSADRAIN,+&old)+<+0)
++++++++++++++++perror+("tcsetattr+~ICANON");
++++++++return+(buf);
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1656310|基本上，您必须关闭规范模式(和回显模式以抑制回显)。|1656311|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

On Linux (and other unix-like systems) this can be done in following way:

<pre><code>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;termios.h&gt;

char getch() {
 char buf = 0;
 struct termios old = {0};
 if (tcgetattr(0, &amp;old) &lt; 0)
 perror("tcsetattr()");
 old.c_lflag &amp;= ~ICANON;
 old.c_lflag &amp;= ~ECHO;
 old.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
 old.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
 if (tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &amp;old) &lt; 0)
 perror("tcsetattr ICANON");
 if (read(0, &amp;buf, 1) &lt; 0)
 perror ("read()");
 old.c_lflag |= ICANON;
 old.c_lflag |= ECHO;
 if (tcsetattr(0, TCSADRAIN, &amp;old) &lt; 0)
 perror ("tcsetattr ~ICANON");
 return (buf);
}
</code></pre>

Basically you have to turn off canonical mode (and echo mode to suppress echoing).

blocks|key|1656337|text|#include+<conio.h>

if+(kbhit()+!=+0)+{
++++cout+<<+getch()+<<+endl;
}|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1656338|它使用kbhit()来检查键盘是否被按下，并使用getch()来获取被按下的字符。|unstyled|offset|length|style|CODE|1656339|entityMap^0|0|3|7|O|7|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|N|8|@$G|O|H|P|I|J]|$G|Q|H|R|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|F|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

<pre><code>#include &lt;conio.h&gt;

if (kbhit() != 0) {
 cout &lt;&lt; getch() &lt;&lt; endl;
}
</code></pre>

This uses <code>kbhit()</code> to check if the keyboard is being pressed and uses <code>getch()</code> to get the character that is being pressed.

blocks|key|1656387|text|您可以使用SDL+(简单DirectMedia库)进行移植，尽管我怀疑您可能不喜欢它的行为。当我尝试它的时候，我不得不让SDL创建一个新的视频窗口(即使我的程序不需要它)，并让这个窗口“抓取”几乎所有的键盘和鼠标输入(这对我的使用是可以的，但在其他情况下可能会很烦人或不可行)。我怀疑这有点过头了，不值得这样做，除非必须具备完整的可移植性--否则请尝试其他建议的解决方案之一。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1656388|顺便说一句，如果你对此感兴趣，这将给你提供单独的按键和释放事件。|1656389|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

You can do it portably using SDL (the Simple DirectMedia Library), though I suspect you may not like its behavior. When I tried it, I had to have SDL create a new video window (even though I didn't need it for my program) and have this window "grab" almost all keyboard and mouse input (which was okay for my usage but could be annoying or unworkable in other situations). I suspect it's overkill and not worth it unless complete portability is a must--otherwise try one of the other suggested solutions.

By the way, this will give you key press and release events separately, if you're into that.

blocks|key|1441737|text|我一直想要一个循环来读取我的输入，而不需要按return键。这对我很有效。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1441738|#include<stdio.h>
+main()
+{
+++char+ch;
++++system("stty+raw");//seting+the+terminal+in+raw+mode
++++while(1)
+++++{
+++++ch=getchar();
++++++if(ch=='~'){++++++++++//terminate+or+come+out+of+raw+mode+on+"~"+pressed
++++++system("stty+cooked");
+++++//while(1);//you+may+still+run+the+code+
+++++exit(0);+//or+terminate
+++++}
+++++++printf("you+pressed+%25c\n+",ch);++//write+rest+code+here
++++++}

++++}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1441739|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I always wanted a loop to read my input without pressing return key.
this worked for me.

<pre><code>#include&lt;stdio.h&gt;
 main()
 {
 char ch;
 system("stty raw");//seting the terminal in raw mode
 while(1)
 {
 ch=getchar();
 if(ch=='~'){ //terminate or come out of raw mode on "~" pressed
 system("stty cooked");
 //while(1);//you may still run the code 
 exit(0); //or terminate
 }
 printf("you pressed %c\n ",ch); //write rest code here
 }

 }
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1656454|text|适用于我的windows系统：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1656455|#include+<conio.h>
char+c+=+_getch();|code-block|syntax|javascript|1656456|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

works for me on windows:

<pre><code>#include &lt;conio.h&gt;
char c = _getch();
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1441792|text|我使用kbhit()查看是否存在char，然后使用getchar()读取数据。在windows上，你可以使用"conio.h“。在linux上，您必须实现自己的kbhit()。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1441793|请看下面的代码：|1441794|//+kbhit
#include+<stdio.h>
#include+<sys/ioctl.h>+//+For+FIONREAD
#include+<termios.h>
#include+<stdbool.h>

int+kbhit(void)+{
++++static+bool+initflag+=+false;
++++static+const+int+STDIN+=+0;

++++if+(!initflag)+{
++++++++//+Use+termios+to+turn+off+line+buffering
++++++++struct+termios+term;
++++++++tcgetattr(STDIN,+&term);
++++++++term.c_lflag+&=+~ICANON;
++++++++tcsetattr(STDIN,+TCSANOW,+&term);
++++++++setbuf(stdin,+NULL);
++++++++initflag+=+true;
++++}

++++int+nbbytes;
++++ioctl(STDIN,+FIONREAD,+&nbbytes);++//+0+is+STDIN
++++return+nbbytes;
}

//+main
#include+<unistd.h>

int+main(int+argc,+char**+argv)+{
++++char+c;
++++//setbuf(stdout,+NULL);+//+Optional:+No+buffering.
++++//setbuf(stdin,+NULL);++//+Optional:+No+buffering.
++++printf("Press+key");
++++while+(!kbhit())+{
++++++++printf(".");
++++++++fflush(stdout);
++++++++sleep(1);
++++}
++++c+=+getchar();
++++printf("\nChar+received:%25c\n",+c);
++++printf("Done.\n");

++++return+0;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1441795|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

I use kbhit() to see if a char is present and then getchar() to read the data. 
On windows, you can use "conio.h". On linux, you will have to implement your own kbhit().

See code below:

<pre><code>// kbhit
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt; // For FIONREAD
#include &lt;termios.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdbool.h&gt;

int kbhit(void) {
 static bool initflag = false;
 static const int STDIN = 0;

 if (!initflag) {
 // Use termios to turn off line buffering
 struct termios term;
 tcgetattr(STDIN, &amp;term);
 term.c_lflag &amp;= ~ICANON;
 tcsetattr(STDIN, TCSANOW, &amp;term);
 setbuf(stdin, NULL);
 initflag = true;
 }

 int nbbytes;
 ioctl(STDIN, FIONREAD, &amp;nbbytes); // 0 is STDIN
 return nbbytes;
}

// main
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 char c;
 //setbuf(stdout, NULL); // Optional: No buffering.
 //setbuf(stdin, NULL); // Optional: No buffering.
 printf("Press key");
 while (!kbhit()) {
 printf(".");
 fflush(stdout);
 sleep(1);
 }
 c = getchar();
 printf("\nChar received:%c\n", c);
 printf("Done.\n");

 return 0;
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1656544|text|ncurses提供了一种很好的方法来做到这一点！此外，这是我的第一篇文章(我记得)，所以欢迎任何评论。我会感谢有用的，但欢迎所有人！|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1656545|编译:+g%2B%2B+-std=c%2B%2B11+-pthread+-lncurses+.cpp+-o|1656546|#include+<iostream>
#include+<ncurses.h>
#include+<future>

char+get_keyboard_input();

int+main(int+argc,+char+*argv[])
{
++++initscr();
++++raw();
++++noecho();
++++keypad(stdscr,true);

++++auto+f+=+std::async(std::launch::async,+get_keyboard_input);
++++while+(f.wait_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20))+!=+std::future_status::ready)
++++{
++++++++//+do+some+work
++++}

++++endwin();
++++std::cout+<<+"returned:+"+<<+f.get()+<<+std::endl;
++++return+0;
}

char+get_keyboard_input()
{
++++char+input+=+'0';
++++while(input+!=+'q')
++++{
++++++++input+=+getch();
++++}
++++return+input;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1656547|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

ncurses provides a nice way to do this!
Also this is my very first post (that I can remember), so any comments at all are welcome. I will appreciate useful ones, but all are welcome!

to compile: g++ -std=c++11 -pthread -lncurses .cpp -o 

<pre><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;ncurses.h&gt;
#include &lt;future&gt;

char get_keyboard_input();

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 initscr();
 raw();
 noecho();
 keypad(stdscr,true);

 auto f = std::async(std::launch::async, get_keyboard_input);
 while (f.wait_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20)) != std::future_status::ready)
 {
 // do some work
 }

 endwin();
 std::cout &lt;&lt; "returned: " &lt;&lt; f.get() &lt;&lt; std::endl;
 return 0;
}

char get_keyboard_input()
{
 char input = '0';
 while(input != 'q')
 {
 input = getch();
 }
 return input;
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1656589|text|这是一个不向系统提供外壳的版本(在macOS+10.14上编写和测试)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1656590|#include+<unistd.h>
#include+<termios.h>
#include+<stdio.h>
#include+<string.h>

char*+getStr(+char*+buffer+,+int+maxRead+)+{
++int++numRead++=+0;
++char+ch;

++struct+termios+old+=+{0};
++struct+termios+new+=+{0};
++if(+tcgetattr(+0+,+&old+)+<+0+)++++++++perror(+"tcgetattr()+old+settings"+);
++if(+tcgetattr(+0+,+&new+)+<+0+)++++++++perror(+"tcgetaart()+new+settings"+);
++cfmakeraw(+&new+);
++if(+tcsetattr(+0+,+TCSADRAIN+,+&new+)+<+0+)+perror(+"tcssetattr+makeraw+new"+);

++for(+int+i+=+0+;+i+<+maxRead+;+i%2B%2B)++{
++++ch+=+getchar();
++++switch(+ch+)++{
++++++case+EOF:+
++++++case+'\n':
++++++case+'\r':
++++++++goto+exit_getStr;
++++++++break;

++++++default:
++++++++printf(+"%251c"+,+ch+);
++++++++buffer[+numRead%2B%2B+]+=+ch;
++++++++if(+numRead+>=+maxRead+)++{
++++++++++goto+exit_getStr;
++++++++}
++++++++break;
++++}
++}

exit_getStr:
++if(+tcsetattr(+0+,+TCSADRAIN+,+&old)+<+0)+++perror+("tcsetattr+reset+to+old"+);
++printf(+"\n"+);+++
++return+buffer;
}


int+main(+void+)+
{
++const+int+maxChars+=+20;
++char++++++stringBuffer[+maxChars%2B1+];
++memset(+++stringBuffer+,+0+,+maxChars%2B1+);+//+initialize+to+0

++printf(+"enter+a+string:+");
++getStr(+stringBuffer+,+maxChars+);
++printf(+"you+entered:+[%25s]\n"+,+stringBuffer+);
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1656591|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Here's a version that doesn't shell out to the system (written and tested on macOS 10.14)

<pre><code>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;termios.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;

char* getStr( char* buffer , int maxRead ) {
 int numRead = 0;
 char ch;

 struct termios old = {0};
 struct termios new = {0};
 if( tcgetattr( 0 , &amp;old ) &lt; 0 ) perror( "tcgetattr() old settings" );
 if( tcgetattr( 0 , &amp;new ) &lt; 0 ) perror( "tcgetaart() new settings" );
 cfmakeraw( &amp;new );
 if( tcsetattr( 0 , TCSADRAIN , &amp;new ) &lt; 0 ) perror( "tcssetattr makeraw new" );

 for( int i = 0 ; i &lt; maxRead ; i++) {
 ch = getchar();
 switch( ch ) {
 case EOF: 
 case '\n':
 case '\r':
 goto exit_getStr;
 break;

 default:
 printf( "%1c" , ch );
 buffer[ numRead++ ] = ch;
 if( numRead &gt;= maxRead ) {
 goto exit_getStr;
 }
 break;
 }
 }

exit_getStr:
 if( tcsetattr( 0 , TCSADRAIN , &amp;old) &lt; 0) perror ("tcsetattr reset to old" );
 printf( "\n" ); 
 return buffer;
}


int main( void ) 
{
 const int maxChars = 20;
 char stringBuffer[ maxChars+1 ];
 memset( stringBuffer , 0 , maxChars+1 ); // initialize to 0

 printf( "enter a string: ");
 getStr( stringBuffer , maxChars );
 printf( "you entered: [%s]\n" , stringBuffer );
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1442046|text|由于以前的解决方案不能跨平台工作，并且无法使用特殊的键，因此我的解决方案可以在Windows和Linux上运行，并且使用最少的外部库(+Windows的Windows.h和Linux的sys/ioctl.h%2Btermios.h+)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1442047|对于ASCII码(换行符/制表符/空格/backspace/delete，!"#$%25&'()*%2B，-./0-9：；<=>？@A-Z[]%5E_`a-z{%7C}~üääöÖ§§²²)，返回ASCII码(正数)；对于特殊键(箭头键、上/下翻页、位置1/结束、转义、插入、F1-F12)，返回Windows+Virtual-Key+codes的负数(负数)。|1442048|#include+<iostream>
#include+<string>
#include+<thread>+//+contains+<chrono>
using+namespace+std;

void+println(const+string&+s="")+{
++++cout+<<+s+<<+endl;
}
void+sleep(const+double+t)+{
++++if(t>0.0)+this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds((int)(1E3*t%2B0.5)));
}



//+ASCII+codes+(key>0):+8+backspace,+9+tab,+10+newline,+27+escape,+127+delete,+!"#$%25&'()*%2B,-./0-9:;<=>?@A-Z[]%5E_`a-z{%7C}~üäÄöÖÜßµ´§°¹³²
//+control+key+codes+(key<0):+-38/-40/-37/-39+up/down/left/right+arrow,+-33/-34+page+up/down,+-36/-35+pos1/end
//+other+key+codes+(key<0):+-45+insert,+-144+num+lock,+-20+caps+lock,+-91+windows+key,+-93+kontext+menu+key,+-112+to+-123+F1+to+F12
//+not+working:+¹+(251),+num+lock+(-144),+caps+lock+(-20),+windows+key+(-91),+kontext+menu+key+(-93),+F11+(-122)
#if+defined(_WIN32)
#define+WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define+VC_EXTRALEAN
#include+<Windows.h>
int+key_press()+{+//+not+working:+F11+(-122,+toggles+fullscreen)
++++KEY_EVENT_RECORD+keyevent;
++++INPUT_RECORD+irec;
++++DWORD+events;
++++while(true)+{
++++++++ReadConsoleInput(GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE),+&irec,+1,+&events);
++++++++if(irec.EventType==KEY_EVENT&&((KEY_EVENT_RECORD&)irec.Event).bKeyDown)+{
++++++++++++keyevent+=+(KEY_EVENT_RECORD&)irec.Event;
++++++++++++const+int+ca+=+(int)keyevent.uChar.AsciiChar;
++++++++++++const+int+cv+=+(int)keyevent.wVirtualKeyCode;
++++++++++++const+int+key+=+ca==0+?+-cv+:+ca%2B(ca>0?0:256);
++++++++++++switch(key)+{
++++++++++++++++case++-16:+continue;+//+disable+Shift
++++++++++++++++case++-17:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+/+AltGr
++++++++++++++++case++-18:+continue;+//+disable+Alt+/+AltGr
++++++++++++++++case+-220:+continue;+//+disable+first+detection+of+"%5E"+key+(not+"%5E"+symbol)
++++++++++++++++case+-221:+continue;+//+disable+first+detection+of+"`"+key+(not+"`"+symbol)
++++++++++++++++case+-191:+continue;+//+disable+AltGr+%2B+"#"
++++++++++++++++case++-52:+continue;+//+disable+AltGr+%2B+"4"
++++++++++++++++case++-53:+continue;+//+disable+AltGr+%2B+"5"
++++++++++++++++case++-54:+continue;+//+disable+AltGr+%2B+"6"
++++++++++++++++case++-12:+continue;+//+disable+num+block+5+with+num+lock+deactivated
++++++++++++++++case+++13:+return++10;+//+enter
++++++++++++++++case++-46:+return+127;+//+delete
++++++++++++++++case++-49:+return+251;+//+¹
++++++++++++++++case++++0:+continue;
++++++++++++++++case++++1:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+a+(selects+all+text)
++++++++++++++++case++++2:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+b
++++++++++++++++case++++3:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+c+(terminates+program)
++++++++++++++++case++++4:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+d
++++++++++++++++case++++5:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+e
++++++++++++++++case++++6:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+f+(opens+search)
++++++++++++++++case++++7:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+g
++++++++++++++++//case++++8:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+h+(ascii+for+backspace)
++++++++++++++++//case++++9:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+i+(ascii+for+tab)
++++++++++++++++case+++10:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+j
++++++++++++++++case+++11:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+k
++++++++++++++++case+++12:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+l
++++++++++++++++//case+++13:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+m+(breaks+console,+ascii+for+new+line)
++++++++++++++++case+++14:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+n
++++++++++++++++case+++15:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+o
++++++++++++++++case+++16:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+p
++++++++++++++++case+++17:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+q
++++++++++++++++case+++18:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+r
++++++++++++++++case+++19:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+s
++++++++++++++++case+++20:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+t
++++++++++++++++case+++21:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+u
++++++++++++++++case+++22:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+v+(inserts+clipboard)
++++++++++++++++case+++23:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+w
++++++++++++++++case+++24:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+x
++++++++++++++++case+++25:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+y
++++++++++++++++case+++26:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+z
++++++++++++++++default:+return+key;+//+any+other+ASCII/virtual+character
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++}
}
#elif+defined(__linux__)
#include+<sys/ioctl.h>
#include+<termios.h>
int+key_press()+{+//+not+working:+¹+(251),+num+lock+(-144),+caps+lock+(-20),+windows+key+(-91),+kontext+menu+key+(-93)
++++struct+termios+term;
++++tcgetattr(0,+&term);
++++while(true)+{
++++++++term.c_lflag+&=+~(ICANON%7CECHO);+//+turn+off+line+buffering+and+echoing
++++++++tcsetattr(0,+TCSANOW,+&term);
++++++++int+nbbytes;
++++++++ioctl(0,+FIONREAD,+&nbbytes);+//+0+is+STDIN
++++++++while(!nbbytes)+{
++++++++++++sleep(0.01);
++++++++++++fflush(stdout);
++++++++++++ioctl(0,+FIONREAD,+&nbbytes);+//+0+is+STDIN
++++++++}
++++++++int+key+=+(int)getchar();
++++++++if(key==27%7C%7Ckey==194%7C%7Ckey==195)+{+//+escape,+194/195+is+escape+for+°ß´äöüÄÖÜ
++++++++++++key+=+(int)getchar();
++++++++++++if(key==91)+{+//+[+following+escape
++++++++++++++++key+=+(int)getchar();+//+get+code+of+next+char+after+\e[
++++++++++++++++if(key==49)+{+//+F5-F8
++++++++++++++++++++key+=+62%2B(int)getchar();+//+53,+55-57
++++++++++++++++++++if(key==115)+key%2B%2B;+//+F5+code+is+too+low+by+1
++++++++++++++++++++getchar();+//+take+in+following+~+(126),+but+discard+code
++++++++++++++++}+else+if(key==50)+{+//+insert+or+F9-F12
++++++++++++++++++++key+=+(int)getchar();
++++++++++++++++++++if(key==126)+{+//+insert
++++++++++++++++++++++++key+=+45;
++++++++++++++++++++}+else+{+//+F9-F12
++++++++++++++++++++++++key+%2B=+71;+//+48,+49,+51,+52
++++++++++++++++++++++++if(key<121)+key%2B%2B;+//+F11+and+F12+are+too+low+by+1
++++++++++++++++++++++++getchar();+//+take+in+following+~+(126),+but+discard+code
++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++}+else+if(key==51%7C%7Ckey==53%7C%7Ckey==54)+{+//+delete,+page+up/down
++++++++++++++++++++getchar();+//+take+in+following+~+(126),+but+discard+code
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++}+else+if(key==79)+{+//+F1-F4
++++++++++++++++key+=+32%2B(int)getchar();+//+80-83
++++++++++++}
++++++++++++key+=+-key;+//+use+negative+numbers+for+escaped+keys
++++++++}
++++++++term.c_lflag+%7C=+(ICANON%7CECHO);+//+turn+on+line+buffering+and+echoing
++++++++tcsetattr(0,+TCSANOW,+&term);
++++++++switch(key)+{
++++++++++++case++127:+return+++8;+//+backspace
++++++++++++case++-27:+return++27;+//+escape
++++++++++++case++-51:+return+127;+//+delete
++++++++++++case+-164:+return+132;+//+ä
++++++++++++case+-182:+return+148;+//+ö
++++++++++++case+-188:+return+129;+//+ü
++++++++++++case+-132:+return+142;+//+Ä
++++++++++++case+-150:+return+153;+//+Ö
++++++++++++case+-156:+return+154;+//+Ü
++++++++++++case+-159:+return+225;+//+ß
++++++++++++case+-181:+return+230;+//+µ
++++++++++++case+-167:+return+245;+//+§
++++++++++++case+-176:+return+248;+//+°
++++++++++++case+-178:+return+253;+//+²
++++++++++++case+-179:+return+252;+//+³
++++++++++++case+-180:+return+239;+//+´
++++++++++++case++-65:+return+-38;+//+up+arrow
++++++++++++case++-66:+return+-40;+//+down+arrow
++++++++++++case++-68:+return+-37;+//+left+arrow
++++++++++++case++-67:+return+-39;+//+right+arrow
++++++++++++case++-53:+return+-33;+//+page+up
++++++++++++case++-54:+return+-34;+//+page+down
++++++++++++case++-72:+return+-36;+//+pos1
++++++++++++case++-70:+return+-35;+//+end
++++++++++++case++++0:+continue;
++++++++++++case++++1:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+a
++++++++++++case++++2:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+b
++++++++++++case++++3:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+c+(terminates+program)
++++++++++++case++++4:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+d
++++++++++++case++++5:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+e
++++++++++++case++++6:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+f
++++++++++++case++++7:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+g
++++++++++++case++++8:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+h
++++++++++++//case++++9:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+i+(ascii+for+tab)
++++++++++++//case+++10:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+j+(ascii+for+new+line)
++++++++++++case+++11:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+k
++++++++++++case+++12:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+l
++++++++++++case+++13:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+m
++++++++++++case+++14:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+n
++++++++++++case+++15:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+o
++++++++++++case+++16:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+p
++++++++++++case+++17:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+q
++++++++++++case+++18:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+r
++++++++++++case+++19:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+s
++++++++++++case+++20:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+t
++++++++++++case+++21:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+u
++++++++++++case+++22:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+v
++++++++++++case+++23:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+w
++++++++++++case+++24:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+x
++++++++++++case+++25:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+y
++++++++++++case+++26:+continue;+//+disable+Ctrl+%2B+z+(terminates+program)
++++++++++++default:+return+key;+//+any+other+ASCII+character
++++++++}
++++}
}
#endif+//+Windows/Linux|code-block|syntax|javascript|1442049|最后，这里有一个关于如何使用它的示例：|1442050|int+main()+{
++++while(true)+{
++++++++const+int+key+=+key_press();+//+blocks+until+a+key+is+pressed
++++++++println("Input+is:+"%2Bto_string(key)%2B",+\""%2B(char)key%2B"\"");
++++}
++++return+0;
}|1442051|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/virtual-key-codes^0|24|9|2K|B|2W|9|0|3W|P|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]|$9|13|A|14|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|15|8|@]|D|@$9|16|A|17|1|18]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|1B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|E|$W|X]]]]

Since previous solutions here don't work cross-platform and have trouble with special keys, here is my solution that works on both Windows and Linux and uses a minimum of external libraries (<code>Windows.h</code> for Windows and <code>sys/ioctl.h</code>+<code>termios.h</code> for Linux).
For ASCII characters (newline/tab/space/backspace/delete, !&quot;#$%&amp;'()*+,-./0-9:;&lt;=&gt;?@A-Z[]^_`a-z{|}~üäÄöÖÜßµ´§°¹³²), the ASCII codes (positive numbers) are returned and for special keys (arrow keys, page up/down, pos1/end, escape, insert, F1-F12), the negative of <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/virtual-key-codes" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Windows Virtual-Key codes</a> (negative numbers) are returned.
<pre class="lang-c prettyprint-override"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;thread&gt; // contains &lt;chrono&gt;
using namespace std;

void println(const string&amp; s=&quot;&quot;) {
 cout &lt;&lt; s &lt;&lt; endl;
}
void sleep(const double t) {
 if(t&gt;0.0) this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds((int)(1E3*t+0.5)));
}



// ASCII codes (key&gt;0): 8 backspace, 9 tab, 10 newline, 27 escape, 127 delete, !&quot;#$%&amp;'()*+,-./0-9:;&lt;=&gt;?@A-Z[]^_`a-z{|}~üäÄöÖÜßµ´§°¹³²
// control key codes (key&lt;0): -38/-40/-37/-39 up/down/left/right arrow, -33/-34 page up/down, -36/-35 pos1/end
// other key codes (key&lt;0): -45 insert, -144 num lock, -20 caps lock, -91 windows key, -93 kontext menu key, -112 to -123 F1 to F12
// not working: ¹ (251), num lock (-144), caps lock (-20), windows key (-91), kontext menu key (-93), F11 (-122)
#if defined(_WIN32)
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define VC_EXTRALEAN
#include &lt;Windows.h&gt;
int key_press() { // not working: F11 (-122, toggles fullscreen)
 KEY_EVENT_RECORD keyevent;
 INPUT_RECORD irec;
 DWORD events;
 while(true) {
 ReadConsoleInput(GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE), &amp;irec, 1, &amp;events);
 if(irec.EventType==KEY_EVENT&amp;&amp;((KEY_EVENT_RECORD&amp;)irec.Event).bKeyDown) {
 keyevent = (KEY_EVENT_RECORD&amp;)irec.Event;
 const int ca = (int)keyevent.uChar.AsciiChar;
 const int cv = (int)keyevent.wVirtualKeyCode;
 const int key = ca==0 ? -cv : ca+(ca&gt;0?0:256);
 switch(key) {
 case -16: continue; // disable Shift
 case -17: continue; // disable Ctrl / AltGr
 case -18: continue; // disable Alt / AltGr
 case -220: continue; // disable first detection of &quot;^&quot; key (not &quot;^&quot; symbol)
 case -221: continue; // disable first detection of &quot;`&quot; key (not &quot;`&quot; symbol)
 case -191: continue; // disable AltGr + &quot;#&quot;
 case -52: continue; // disable AltGr + &quot;4&quot;
 case -53: continue; // disable AltGr + &quot;5&quot;
 case -54: continue; // disable AltGr + &quot;6&quot;
 case -12: continue; // disable num block 5 with num lock deactivated
 case 13: return 10; // enter
 case -46: return 127; // delete
 case -49: return 251; // ¹
 case 0: continue;
 case 1: continue; // disable Ctrl + a (selects all text)
 case 2: continue; // disable Ctrl + b
 case 3: continue; // disable Ctrl + c (terminates program)
 case 4: continue; // disable Ctrl + d
 case 5: continue; // disable Ctrl + e
 case 6: continue; // disable Ctrl + f (opens search)
 case 7: continue; // disable Ctrl + g
 //case 8: continue; // disable Ctrl + h (ascii for backspace)
 //case 9: continue; // disable Ctrl + i (ascii for tab)
 case 10: continue; // disable Ctrl + j
 case 11: continue; // disable Ctrl + k
 case 12: continue; // disable Ctrl + l
 //case 13: continue; // disable Ctrl + m (breaks console, ascii for new line)
 case 14: continue; // disable Ctrl + n
 case 15: continue; // disable Ctrl + o
 case 16: continue; // disable Ctrl + p
 case 17: continue; // disable Ctrl + q
 case 18: continue; // disable Ctrl + r
 case 19: continue; // disable Ctrl + s
 case 20: continue; // disable Ctrl + t
 case 21: continue; // disable Ctrl + u
 case 22: continue; // disable Ctrl + v (inserts clipboard)
 case 23: continue; // disable Ctrl + w
 case 24: continue; // disable Ctrl + x
 case 25: continue; // disable Ctrl + y
 case 26: continue; // disable Ctrl + z
 default: return key; // any other ASCII/virtual character
 }
 }
 }
}
#elif defined(__linux__)
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;
#include &lt;termios.h&gt;
int key_press() { // not working: ¹ (251), num lock (-144), caps lock (-20), windows key (-91), kontext menu key (-93)
 struct termios term;
 tcgetattr(0, &amp;term);
 while(true) {
 term.c_lflag &amp;= ~(ICANON|ECHO); // turn off line buffering and echoing
 tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &amp;term);
 int nbbytes;
 ioctl(0, FIONREAD, &amp;nbbytes); // 0 is STDIN
 while(!nbbytes) {
 sleep(0.01);
 fflush(stdout);
 ioctl(0, FIONREAD, &amp;nbbytes); // 0 is STDIN
 }
 int key = (int)getchar();
 if(key==27||key==194||key==195) { // escape, 194/195 is escape for °ß´äöüÄÖÜ
 key = (int)getchar();
 if(key==91) { // [ following escape
 key = (int)getchar(); // get code of next char after \e[
 if(key==49) { // F5-F8
 key = 62+(int)getchar(); // 53, 55-57
 if(key==115) key++; // F5 code is too low by 1
 getchar(); // take in following ~ (126), but discard code
 } else if(key==50) { // insert or F9-F12
 key = (int)getchar();
 if(key==126) { // insert
 key = 45;
 } else { // F9-F12
 key += 71; // 48, 49, 51, 52
 if(key&lt;121) key++; // F11 and F12 are too low by 1
 getchar(); // take in following ~ (126), but discard code
 }
 } else if(key==51||key==53||key==54) { // delete, page up/down
 getchar(); // take in following ~ (126), but discard code
 }
 } else if(key==79) { // F1-F4
 key = 32+(int)getchar(); // 80-83
 }
 key = -key; // use negative numbers for escaped keys
 }
 term.c_lflag |= (ICANON|ECHO); // turn on line buffering and echoing
 tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &amp;term);
 switch(key) {
 case 127: return 8; // backspace
 case -27: return 27; // escape
 case -51: return 127; // delete
 case -164: return 132; // ä
 case -182: return 148; // ö
 case -188: return 129; // ü
 case -132: return 142; // Ä
 case -150: return 153; // Ö
 case -156: return 154; // Ü
 case -159: return 225; // ß
 case -181: return 230; // µ
 case -167: return 245; // §
 case -176: return 248; // °
 case -178: return 253; // ²
 case -179: return 252; // ³
 case -180: return 239; // ´
 case -65: return -38; // up arrow
 case -66: return -40; // down arrow
 case -68: return -37; // left arrow
 case -67: return -39; // right arrow
 case -53: return -33; // page up
 case -54: return -34; // page down
 case -72: return -36; // pos1
 case -70: return -35; // end
 case 0: continue;
 case 1: continue; // disable Ctrl + a
 case 2: continue; // disable Ctrl + b
 case 3: continue; // disable Ctrl + c (terminates program)
 case 4: continue; // disable Ctrl + d
 case 5: continue; // disable Ctrl + e
 case 6: continue; // disable Ctrl + f
 case 7: continue; // disable Ctrl + g
 case 8: continue; // disable Ctrl + h
 //case 9: continue; // disable Ctrl + i (ascii for tab)
 //case 10: continue; // disable Ctrl + j (ascii for new line)
 case 11: continue; // disable Ctrl + k
 case 12: continue; // disable Ctrl + l
 case 13: continue; // disable Ctrl + m
 case 14: continue; // disable Ctrl + n
 case 15: continue; // disable Ctrl + o
 case 16: continue; // disable Ctrl + p
 case 17: continue; // disable Ctrl + q
 case 18: continue; // disable Ctrl + r
 case 19: continue; // disable Ctrl + s
 case 20: continue; // disable Ctrl + t
 case 21: continue; // disable Ctrl + u
 case 22: continue; // disable Ctrl + v
 case 23: continue; // disable Ctrl + w
 case 24: continue; // disable Ctrl + x
 case 25: continue; // disable Ctrl + y
 case 26: continue; // disable Ctrl + z (terminates program)
 default: return key; // any other ASCII character
 }
 }
}
#endif // Windows/Linux
</code></pre>
Finally, here is an example on how to use it:
<pre class="lang-c prettyprint-override"><code>int main() {
 while(true) {
 const int key = key_press(); // blocks until a key is pressed
 println(&quot;Input is: &quot;+to_string(key)+&quot;, \&quot;&quot;+(char)key+&quot;\&quot;&quot;);
 }
 return 0;
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1442136|text|为wcout和wchar_t实现的ssinfod's+answer的变体，对我的口味来说更干净一些，可以清除无效字符而不会出现错误。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1442137|#include+<functional>

//For+Linux+kbhit().+For+Windows,+use+conio.h.
#ifdef+__unix__
++#include+<sys/ioctl.h>+//For+FIONREAD.
++#include+<termios.h>

++//Call+this+at+program+start+to+setup+for+kbhit.
++void+initTerminalInput()
++{
++++//Disable+internal+buffering.
++++std::wcout+<<+std::unitbuf;

++++//Turn+off+line+buffering.
++++struct+termios+term;
++++tcgetattr(0,+&term);
++++term.c_lflag+&=+~ICANON;
++++tcsetattr(0,+TCSANOW,+&term);
++++setbuf(stdin,+NULL);
++}

++//Returns+0+if+there's+no+input+character+to+read.
++int+kbhit()
++{
++++static+int+nbbytes;
++++ioctl(0,+FIONREAD,+&nbbytes);
++++return+nbbytes;
++}
#endif

//Waits+for+and+retrieves+a+single+validated+character,+calling+a+validation+function+on+each+character+entered+and
//erasing+any+that+are+invalid+(when+the+validation+function+returns+false).
static+wchar_t+getWChar(std::function<bool(wchar_t)>+validationFunction)
{
++static+wchar_t+inputWChar;
++do
++{
++++//Wait+until+there's+an+input+character.
++++while+(!kbhit())
++++{
++++}
++++inputWChar+=+getwchar();
++++//Validate+the+input+character.
++++if+(validationFunction(inputWChar))
++++{
++++++//Valid.
++++++break;
++++}
++++else
++++{
++++++//Erase+the+invalid+character.
++++++std::wcout+<<+L"\b+\b";
++++}
++}+while+(true);
++return+inputWChar;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1442138|在下面的示例中，我希望用户输入1、2或3。输入的任何其他字符都不会显示，它将等待，直到按下其中一个有效字符：|1442139|int+main()
{
++#ifdef+__unix__
++++initTerminalInput();
++#endif

++getWChar([]+(wchar_t+inputWChar)
++{
++++return+(inputWChar+>=+L'1'+&&+inputWChar+<=+L'3');
++});

++return+0;
}|1442140|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/33201364/1599699^0|1|5|7|7|H|G|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@$9|11|A|12|1|13]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|V]]]]

Variant of <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/33201364/1599699">ssinfod's answer</a> for Linux that's a little cleaner for my tastes, implemented for <code>wcout</code> and <code>wchar_t</code>, and erases invalid characters without bugs.
<pre class="lang-cpp prettyprint-override"><code>#include &lt;functional&gt;

//For Linux kbhit(). For Windows, use conio.h.
#ifdef __unix__
 #include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt; //For FIONREAD.
 #include &lt;termios.h&gt;

 //Call this at program start to setup for kbhit.
 void initTerminalInput()
 {
 //Disable internal buffering.
 std::wcout &lt;&lt; std::unitbuf;

 //Turn off line buffering.
 struct termios term;
 tcgetattr(0, &amp;term);
 term.c_lflag &amp;= ~ICANON;
 tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &amp;term);
 setbuf(stdin, NULL);
 }

 //Returns 0 if there's no input character to read.
 int kbhit()
 {
 static int nbbytes;
 ioctl(0, FIONREAD, &amp;nbbytes);
 return nbbytes;
 }
#endif

//Waits for and retrieves a single validated character, calling a validation function on each character entered and
//erasing any that are invalid (when the validation function returns false).
static wchar_t getWChar(std::function&lt;bool(wchar_t)&gt; validationFunction)
{
 static wchar_t inputWChar;
 do
 {
 //Wait until there's an input character.
 while (!kbhit())
 {
 }
 inputWChar = getwchar();
 //Validate the input character.
 if (validationFunction(inputWChar))
 {
 //Valid.
 break;
 }
 else
 {
 //Erase the invalid character.
 std::wcout &lt;&lt; L&quot;\b \b&quot;;
 }
 } while (true);
 return inputWChar;
}
</code></pre>
In the below example, I wanted for the user to enter either 1, 2, or 3. Any other characters entered will not be displayed, and it will wait until one of the valid characters is pressed:
<pre class="lang-cpp prettyprint-override"><code>int main()
{
 #ifdef __unix__
 initTerminalInput();
 #endif

 getWChar([] (wchar_t inputWChar)
 {
 return (inputWChar &gt;= L'1' &amp;&amp; inputWChar &lt;= L'3');
 });

 return 0;
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1656910|text|我也遇到了同样的问题。这是一个使用cygwin+g%2B%2B和if(GetKeyState(keycode)+&+bitANDcompare){};的windows控制台的小解决方案。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1656911|#include+<windows.h>
#include+<fstream>
#include+<iostream>

using+namespace+std;
void+clear()+{
++++COORD+topLeft++=+{+0,+0+};
++++HANDLE+console+=+GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
++++CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO+screen;
++++DWORD+written;

++++GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console,+&screen);
++++FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(
++++++++console,+'+',+screen.dwSize.X+*+screen.dwSize.Y,+topLeft,+&written
++++);
++++FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
++++++++console,+FOREGROUND_GREEN+%7C+FOREGROUND_RED+%7C+FOREGROUND_BLUE,
++++++++screen.dwSize.X+*+screen.dwSize.Y,+topLeft,+&written
++++);
++++SetConsoleCursorPosition(console,+topLeft);
}

class+Keyclick{
++++private:
++++int+key;
++++char+id;
++++public:
++++bool+keydown+=+false;
++++Keyclick(int+key1,+char+id1){
++++++++key=key1;
++++++++id=id1;
++++};
++++void+watch(){
++++++++if(keydown==false){
++++++++++++if(GetKeyState(key)+&+0x8000+){
++++++++++++++++cout+<<+id;
++++++++++++++++cout+<<+"++pressed.\r\n";
++++++++++++++++keydown+=+true;
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++++++if(keydown+==+true){
++++++++++++if(!(GetKeyState(key)+&+0x8000))+{
++++++++++++++++cout+<<+"released!!!!!!!!!!\r\n";
++++++++++++++++keydown+=+false;
++++++++++++++++clear();
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++};
};

int+main()
{
++++bool+primaryloop+=true;
++++Keyclick+keysp(VK_SPACE,'S');
++++Keyclick+keyw(0x57,'w');
++++Keyclick+keya(0x41,'a');
++++Keyclick+keys(0x53,'s');
++++Keyclick+keyd(0x44,'d');
++++Keyclick+keyesc(VK_ESCAPE,'E');
++++
++++while(primaryloop){
++++++++keysp.watch();
++++++++keyw.watch();
++++++++keya.watch();
++++++++keys.watch();
++++++++keyd.watch();
++++++++keyesc.watch();
++++++++
++++++++if(keyesc.keydown){
++++++++++++primaryloop=false;
++++++++};++++++
++++}
++++return+0;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1656912|https://github.com/wark77/windows_console_keypoller/blob/main/getkeystate_SOLUTION01.cpp|1656913|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|S|17|0|0|0|2G|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@$9|U|A|V|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|X|8|@]|D|@$9|Y|A|Z|1|10]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|L]]]]

I was running into this same issue. Here is a small solution for windows console using cygwin g++ with <code>if(GetKeyState(keycode) &amp; bitANDcompare){};</code>.
<pre><code>#include &lt;windows.h&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;

using namespace std;
void clear() {
 COORD topLeft = { 0, 0 };
 HANDLE console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO screen;
 DWORD written;

 GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &amp;screen);
 FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(
 console, ' ', screen.dwSize.X * screen.dwSize.Y, topLeft, &amp;written
 );
 FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
 console, FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE,
 screen.dwSize.X * screen.dwSize.Y, topLeft, &amp;written
 );
 SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, topLeft);
}

class Keyclick{
 private:
 int key;
 char id;
 public:
 bool keydown = false;
 Keyclick(int key1, char id1){
 key=key1;
 id=id1;
 };
 void watch(){
 if(keydown==false){
 if(GetKeyState(key) &amp; 0x8000 ){
 cout &lt;&lt; id;
 cout &lt;&lt; &quot; pressed.\r\n&quot;;
 keydown = true;
 }
 }
 if(keydown == true){
 if(!(GetKeyState(key) &amp; 0x8000)) {
 cout &lt;&lt; &quot;released!!!!!!!!!!\r\n&quot;;
 keydown = false;
 clear();
 }
 }
 };
};

int main()
{
 bool primaryloop =true;
 Keyclick keysp(VK_SPACE,'S');
 Keyclick keyw(0x57,'w');
 Keyclick keya(0x41,'a');
 Keyclick keys(0x53,'s');
 Keyclick keyd(0x44,'d');
 Keyclick keyesc(VK_ESCAPE,'E');
 
 while(primaryloop){
 keysp.watch();
 keyw.watch();
 keya.watch();
 keys.watch();
 keyd.watch();
 keyesc.watch();
 
 if(keyesc.keydown){
 primaryloop=false;
 }; 
 }
 return 0;
}
</code></pre>
<a href="https://github.com/wark77/windows_console_keypoller/blob/main/getkeystate_SOLUTION01.cpp" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/wark77/windows_console_keypoller/blob/main/getkeystate_SOLUTION01.cpp</a>

I can never remember how I do this because it comes up so infrequently for me. But in C or C++, what is the best way to read a character from standard input without waiting for a newline (press enter).

Also ideally it wouldn't echo the input character to the screen. I just want to capture keystrokes with out effecting the console screen.

Capture characters from standard input without waiting for enter to be pressed

Windows

Linux

我永远记不住我是如何做到这一点的，因为它对我来说是非常罕见的。但在C或C++中，从标准输入中读取字符而不等待换行符(按enter)的最佳方法是什么？同样，理想情况下，它不会将输入字符回显到屏幕上。我只想在不影响控制台屏幕的情况下捕获击键。

问无需等待按enter键即可从标准输入中捕获字符
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