blocks|key|1272037|text|>>>+class+new_class():
...+++def+__init__(self,+number):
...+++++self.multi+=+int(number)+*+2
...+++++self.str+=+str(number)
...+
>>>+a+=+new_class(2)
>>>+a.__dict__
{'multi':+4,+'str':+'2'}
>>>+a.__dict__.keys()
dict_keys(['multi',+'str'])|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1272038|您可能还会发现pprint很有帮助。|unstyled|offset|length|1272039|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/pprint.html^0|0|7|6|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|R|8|@]|9|@$G|S|H|T|1|U]]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|F|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|A|$O|P]]]]

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; class new_class():
... def __init__(self, number):
... self.multi = int(number) * 2
... self.str = str(number)
... 
&gt;&gt;&gt; a = new_class(2)
&gt;&gt;&gt; a.__dict__
{'multi': 4, 'str': '2'}
&gt;&gt;&gt; a.__dict__.keys()
dict_keys(['multi', 'str'])
</code></pre>

You may also find <a href="http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/pprint.html" rel="noreferrer">pprint</a> helpful.

blocks|key|1272075|text|dir(instance)
#+or+(same+value)
instance.__dir__()
#+or
instance.__dict__|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1272076|然后，您可以测试type()是什么类型，或者callable()是不是方法。|unstyled|offset|length|style|CODE|1272077|entityMap^0|0|8|6|M|A|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|N|8|@$G|O|H|P|I|J]|$G|Q|H|R|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|F|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

<pre><code>dir(instance)
# or (same value)
instance.__dir__()
# or
instance.__dict__
</code></pre>

Then you can test what type is with <code>type()</code> or if is a method with <code>callable()</code>.

blocks|key|1272090|text|vars(obj)返回对象的属性。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1272091|entityMap^0|0|9|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

<code>vars(obj)</code> returns the attributes of an object.

blocks|key|1057252|text|>>>+',+'.join(i+for+i+in+dir(a)+if+not+i.startswith('__'))
'multi,+str'|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1057253|当然，这将打印类定义中的任何方法或属性。您可以通过将i.startwith('__')更改为i.startwith('_')来排除“私有”方法|unstyled|offset|length|style|CODE|1057254|entityMap^0|0|Q|H|1A|G|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|N|8|@$G|O|H|P|I|J]|$G|Q|H|R|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|F|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; ', '.join(i for i in dir(a) if not i.startswith('__'))
'multi, str'
</code></pre>

This of course will print any methods or attributes in the class definition. You can exclude "private" methods by changing <code>i.startwith('__')</code> to <code>i.startwith('_')</code>

blocks|key|1272384|text|可以使用dir(your_object)获取属性，使用getattr(your_object,+your_object_attr)获取值|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1272385|用法：|1272386|for+att+in+dir(your_object):
++++print+(att,+getattr(your_object,att))|code-block|syntax|javascript|1272387|如果您的对象没有__dict__，这将特别有用。如果不是这样，您也可以尝试使用var(your_object|1272388|entityMap^0|4|G|R|12|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]|$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

You can use <code>dir(your_object)</code> to get the attributes and <code>getattr(your_object, your_object_attr)</code> to get the values

usage :

<pre><code>for att in dir(your_object):
 print (att, getattr(your_object,att))
</code></pre>

This is particularly useful if your object have no __dict__. If that is not the case you can try var(your_object) also

blocks|key|1272133|text|有多种方法可以做到这一点：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1272134|#!+/usr/bin/env+python3
#
#+This+demonstrates+how+to+pick+the+attiributes+of+an+object

class+C(object)+:

++def+__init__+(self,+name="q"+):
++++self.q+=+name
++++self.m+=+"y?"

c+=+C()

print+(+dir(c)+)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1272135|运行时，此代码会生成：|1272136|jeffs@jeff-desktop:~/skyset$+python3+attributes.py+
['__class__',+'__delattr__',+'__dict__',+'__dir__',+'__doc__',++++++'__eq__',+'__format__',+'__ge__',+'__getattribute__',+'__gt__',+'__hash__',+'__init__',+'__le__',+'__lt__',+'__module__',+'__ne__',+'__new__',+'__reduce__',+'__reduce_ex__',+'__repr__',+'__setattr__',+'__sizeof__',+'__str__',+'__subclasshook__',+'__weakref__',+'m',+'q']

jeffs@jeff-desktop:~/skyset$|1272137|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

There is more than one way to do it:

<pre><code>#! /usr/bin/env python3
#
# This demonstrates how to pick the attiributes of an object

class C(object) :

 def __init__ (self, name="q" ):
 self.q = name
 self.m = "y?"

c = C()

print ( dir(c) )
</code></pre>

When run, this code produces:

<pre><code>jeffs@jeff-desktop:~/skyset$ python3 attributes.py 
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'm', 'q']

jeffs@jeff-desktop:~/skyset$
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1057514|text|请看已经按顺序执行的python+shell脚本，在这里您将获得以逗号分隔的字符串格式的类的属性。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1057515|>>>+class+new_class():
...+++++def+__init__(self,+number):
...+++++++++self.multi+=+int(number)*2
...+++++++++self.str+=+str(number)
...+
>>>+a+=+new_class(4)
>>>+",".join(a.__dict__.keys())
'str,multi' |code-block|syntax|javascript|1057516|我使用的是python+3.4|1057517|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

Please see the python shell script which has been executed in sequence, here you will get the attributes of a class in string format separated by comma.

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; class new_class():
... def __init__(self, number):
... self.multi = int(number)*2
... self.str = str(number)
... 
&gt;&gt;&gt; a = new_class(4)
&gt;&gt;&gt; ",".join(a.__dict__.keys())
'str,multi'&lt;br/&gt;
</code></pre>

I am using python 3.4

blocks|key|1272480|text|除了这些答案之外，我还将包含一个函数(python+3)，用于显示任何值的几乎整个结构。它使用dir建立属性名称的完整列表，然后对每个名称使用getattr。它会显示值的每个成员的类型，如果可能，还会显示整个成员：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1272481|import+json

def+get_info(obj):

++type_name+=+type(obj).__name__
++print('Value+is+of+type+{}!'.format(type_name))
++prop_names+=+dir(obj)

++for+prop_name+in+prop_names:
++++prop_val+=+getattr(obj,+prop_name)
++++prop_val_type_name+=+type(prop_val).__name__
++++print('{}+has+property+"{}"+of+type+"{}"'.format(type_name,+prop_name,+prop_val_type_name))

++++try:
++++++val_as_str+=+json.dumps([+prop_val+],+indent=2)[1:-1]
++++++print('++Here\'s+the+{}+value:+{}'.format(prop_name,+val_as_str))
++++except:
++++++pass|code-block|syntax|javascript|1272482|现在，以下任何一条都应该给出洞察力：|1272483|get_info(None)
get_info('hello')

import+numpy
get_info(numpy)
#+...+etc.|1272484|entityMap^0|1B|3|1Z|7|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]|$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

In addition to these answers, I'll include a function (python 3) for spewing out virtually the entire structure of any value. It uses <code>dir</code> to establish the full list of property names, then uses <code>getattr</code> with each name. It displays the type of every member of the value, and when possible also displays the entire member:

<pre><code>import json

def get_info(obj):

 type_name = type(obj).__name__
 print('Value is of type {}!'.format(type_name))
 prop_names = dir(obj)

 for prop_name in prop_names:
 prop_val = getattr(obj, prop_name)
 prop_val_type_name = type(prop_val).__name__
 print('{} has property "{}" of type "{}"'.format(type_name, prop_name, prop_val_type_name))

 try:
 val_as_str = json.dumps([ prop_val ], indent=2)[1:-1]
 print(' Here\'s the {} value: {}'.format(prop_name, val_as_str))
 except:
 pass
</code></pre>

Now any of the following should give insight: 

<pre><code>get_info(None)
get_info('hello')

import numpy
get_info(numpy)
# ... etc.
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1057437|text|请看下面的Python+shell脚本的执行顺序，它将给出从创建类到提取实例的字段名的解决方案。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1057438|>>>+class+Details:
...+++++++def+__init__(self,name,age):
...+++++++++++self.name=name
...+++++++++++self.age+=age
...+++++++def+show_details(self):
...+++++++++++if+self.name:
...++++++++++++++print+"Name+:+",self.name
...+++++++++++else:
...++++++++++++++print+"Name+:+","_"
...+++++++++++if+self.age:
...++++++++++++++if+self.age>0:
...+++++++++++++++++print+"Age++:+",self.age
...++++++++++++++else:
...+++++++++++++++++print+"Age+can't+be+-ve"
...+++++++++++else:
...++++++++++++++print+"Age++:+","_"
...+
>>>+my_details+=+Details("Rishikesh",24)
>>>+
>>>+print+my_details
<__main__.Details+instance+at+0x10e2e77e8>
>>>+
>>>+print+my_details.name
Rishikesh
>>>+print+my_details.age
24
>>>+
>>>+my_details.show_details()
Name+:++Rishikesh
Age++:++24
>>>+
>>>+person1+=+Details("",34)
>>>+person1.name
''
>>>+person1.age
34
>>>+person1.show_details
<bound+method+Details.show_details+of+<__main__.Details+instance+at+0x10e2e7758>>
>>>+
>>>+person1.show_details()
Name+:++_
Age++:++34
>>>
>>>+person2+=+Details("Rob+Pike",0)
>>>+person2.name
'Rob+Pike'
>>>+
>>>+person2.age
0
>>>+
>>>+person2.show_details()
Name+:++Rob+Pike
Age++:++_
>>>+
>>>+person3+=+Details("Rob+Pike",-45)
>>>+
>>>+person3.name
'Rob+Pike'
>>>+
>>>+person3.age
-45
>>>+
>>>+person3.show_details()
Name+:++Rob+Pike
Age+can't+be+-ve
>>>
>>>+person3.__dict__
{'age':+-45,+'name':+'Rob+Pike'}
>>>
>>>+person3.__dict__.keys()
['age',+'name']
>>>
>>>+person3.__dict__.values()
[-45,+'Rob+Pike']
>>>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1057439|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Please see the following Python shell scripting execution in sequence, it will give the solution from creation of class to extracting the field names of instances.

<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; class Details:
... def __init__(self,name,age):
... self.name=name
... self.age =age
... def show_details(self):
... if self.name:
... print "Name : ",self.name
... else:
... print "Name : ","_"
... if self.age:
... if self.age&gt;0:
... print "Age : ",self.age
... else:
... print "Age can't be -ve"
... else:
... print "Age : ","_"
... 
&gt;&gt;&gt; my_details = Details("Rishikesh",24)
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; print my_details
&lt;__main__.Details instance at 0x10e2e77e8&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; print my_details.name
Rishikesh
&gt;&gt;&gt; print my_details.age
24
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; my_details.show_details()
Name : Rishikesh
Age : 24
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person1 = Details("",34)
&gt;&gt;&gt; person1.name
''
&gt;&gt;&gt; person1.age
34
&gt;&gt;&gt; person1.show_details
&lt;bound method Details.show_details of &lt;__main__.Details instance at 0x10e2e7758&gt;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person1.show_details()
Name : _
Age : 34
&gt;&gt;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; person2 = Details("Rob Pike",0)
&gt;&gt;&gt; person2.name
'Rob Pike'
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person2.age
0
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person2.show_details()
Name : Rob Pike
Age : _
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person3 = Details("Rob Pike",-45)
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person3.name
'Rob Pike'
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person3.age
-45
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&gt;&gt;&gt; person3.show_details()
Name : Rob Pike
Age can't be -ve
&gt;&gt;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; person3.__dict__
{'age': -45, 'name': 'Rob Pike'}
&gt;&gt;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; person3.__dict__.keys()
['age', 'name']
&gt;&gt;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; person3.__dict__.values()
[-45, 'Rob Pike']
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1057381|text|attributes_list+=+[attribute+for+attribute+in+dir(obj)+if+attribute[0].islower()]|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1057382|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>attributes_list = [attribute for attribute in dir(obj) if attribute[0].islower()]
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1272330|text|__attrs__提供实例的属性列表。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1272331|>>>+import+requests
>>>+r=requests.get('http://www.google.com')
>>>+r.__attrs__
['_content',+'status_code',+'headers',+'url',+'history',+'encoding',+'reason',+'cookies',+'elapsed',+'request']
>>>+r.url
'http://www.google.com/'
>>>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1272332|entityMap^0|0|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

<code>__attrs__</code> gives the list of attributes of an instance.
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import requests
&gt;&gt;&gt; r=requests.get('http://www.google.com')
&gt;&gt;&gt; r.__attrs__
['_content', 'status_code', 'headers', 'url', 'history', 'encoding', 'reason', 'cookies', 'elapsed', 'request']
&gt;&gt;&gt; r.url
'http://www.google.com/'
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre>

Is there a way to grab a list of attributes that exist on instances of a class?

<pre><code>class new_class():
 def __init__(self, number):
 self.multi = int(number) * 2
 self.str = str(number)

a = new_class(2)
print(', '.join(a.SOMETHING))
</code></pre>

The desired result is that "multi, str" will be output. I want this to see the current attributes from various parts of a script.

List attributes of an object

Python

是否有一种方法可以获取存在于类实例上的属性列表？class new_class():    def __init__(self, number):        self.multi = int(number) * 2        self.str = str(number)a = new_class(2)print(', '.join(a.SOMETHING))期望的结果是输出"multi，s

问列出对象的属性
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回答 11

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