blocks|key|884005|text|我是git的新手，但似乎如果我为每个目录执行git签出，那么它就可以工作。此外，稀疏签出文件需要在指定的每个目录后面有一个尾随斜杠。有人更有经验，请确认，这将工作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|884006|有趣的是，如果您签出一个不在稀疏签出文件中的目录，似乎没有什么不同。它们不会在git状态下显示，git+read-tree+-m+-u+HEAD也不会将其移除。git+reset+--hard也不会导致目录被删除。有没有更有经验的人愿意评论一下git对那些已签出但不在稀疏签出文件中的目录的看法？|884007|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

I'm new to git but it seems that if I do git checkout for each directory then it works. Also, the sparse-checkout file needs to have a trailing slash after every directory as indicated. Someone more experience please confirm that this will work.

Interestingly, if you checkout a directory not in the sparse-checkout file it seems to make no difference. They don't show up in git status and git read-tree -m -u HEAD doesn't cause it to be removed. git reset --hard doesn't cause the directory to be removed either. Anyone more experienced care to comment on what git thinks of directories that are checked out but which are not in the sparse checkout file?

blocks|key|1098861|text|Git克隆有一个选项(--no-checkout或-n)，可以执行您想要的操作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1098862|在您的命令列表中，只需更改：|1098863|git+clone+<path>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1098864|要这样做：|1098865|git+clone+--no-checkout+<path>|1098866|然后，您可以使用问题中所述的稀疏结帐。|1098867|entityMap^0|B|D|P|2|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$]]

Git clone has an option (<code>--no-checkout</code> or <code>-n</code>) that does what you want.

In your list of commands, just change:

<pre><code>git clone &lt;path&gt;
</code></pre>

To this:

<pre><code>git clone --no-checkout &lt;path&gt;
</code></pre>

You can then use the sparse checkout as stated in the question.

blocks|key|884114|text|我有一个类似的用例，除了我只想签出标签的提交并修剪目录。使用--depth+1使它变得非常稀疏，并且可以真正加快速度。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|884115|mkdir+myrepo
cd+myrepo
git+init
git+config+core.sparseCheckout+true
git+remote+add+origin+<url>++#+Note:+no+-f+option
echo+"path/within_repo/to/subdir/"+>+.git/info/sparse-checkout
git+fetch+--depth+1+origin+tag+<tagname>
git+checkout+<tagname>|code-block|syntax|javascript|884116|entityMap^0|U|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

I had a similar use case, except I wanted to checkout only the commit for a tag and prune the directories. Using <code>--depth 1</code> makes it really sparse and can really speed things up.

<pre><code>mkdir myrepo
cd myrepo
git init
git config core.sparseCheckout true
git remote add origin &lt;url&gt; # Note: no -f option
echo "path/within_repo/to/subdir/" &gt; .git/info/sparse-checkout
git fetch --depth 1 origin tag &lt;tagname&gt;
git checkout &lt;tagname&gt;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|884145|text|仅稀疏签出特定文件夹的步骤：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|884146|1)+git+clone+--no-checkout++<project+clone+url>++
2)+cd+<project+folder>
3)+git+config+core.sparsecheckout+true+++[You+must+do+this]
4)+echo+"<path+you+want+to+sparce>/*"+>+.git/info/sparse-checkout
++++[You+must+enter+/*+at+the+end+of+the+path+such+that+it+will+take+all+contents+of+that+folder]
5)+git+checkout+<branch+name>+[Ex:+master]|code-block|syntax|javascript|884147|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Steps to sparse checkout only specific folder:

<pre><code>1) git clone --no-checkout &lt;project clone url&gt; 
2) cd &lt;project folder&gt;
3) git config core.sparsecheckout true [You must do this]
4) echo "&lt;path you want to sparce&gt;/*" &gt; .git/info/sparse-checkout
 [You must enter /* at the end of the path such that it will take all contents of that folder]
5) git checkout &lt;branch name&gt; [Ex: master]
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1099003|text|基于apenwarr的this+answer和Miral的this+comment，我提出了以下解决方案，在本地克隆linux+git存储库时节省了近94%25的磁盘空间，而且只需要一个文档子目录：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1099004|$+cd+linux
$+du+-sh+.git+.
2.1G++++.git
894M++++.
$+du+-sh+
2.9G++++.
$+mkdir+../linux-sparse-test
$+cd+../linux-sparse-test
$+git+init
Initialized+empty+Git+repository+in+/…/linux-sparse-test/.git/
$+git+config+core.sparseCheckout+true
$+git+remote+add+origin+../linux
#+Parameter+"origin+master"+saves+a+tiny+bit+if+there+are+other+branches
$+git+fetch+--depth=1+origin+master
remote:+Enumerating+objects:+65839,+done.
remote:+Counting+objects:+100%25+(65839/65839),+done.
remote:+Compressing+objects:+100%25+(61140/61140),+done.
remote:+Total+65839+(delta+6202),+reused+22590+(delta+3703)
Receiving+objects:+100%25+(65839/65839),+173.09+MiB+%7C+10.05+MiB/s,+done.
Resolving+deltas:+100%25+(6202/6202),+done.
From+../linux
+*+branch++++++++++++++master+++++->+FETCH_HEAD
+*+[new+branch]++++++++master+++++->+origin/master
$+echo+"Documentation/hid/*"+>+.git/info/sparse-checkout
$+git+checkout+master
Branch+'master'+set+up+to+track+remote+branch+'master'+from+'origin'.
Already+on+'master'
$+ls+-l
total+4
drwxr-xr-x+3+abe+abe+4096+May++3+14:12+Documentation/
$++du+-sh+.git+.
181M++++.git
100K++++.
$++du+-sh
182M++++.|code-block|syntax|javascript|1099005|所以我把内存从2.9+So降到了182MB，这已经很不错了。|1099006|但我没有让git+clone+--depth+1+--no-checkout+--filter=blob:none+file:///…/linux+linux-sparse-test+(hinted+here)使用它，因为丢失的文件都会作为删除的文件添加到索引中。因此，如果有人知道git+fetch的git+clone+--filter=blob:none等价物，我们可能可以节省更多的兆字节。(阅读git-rev-list的手册页还暗示有类似--filter=sparse:path=…的东西，但我也没有让它工作。|style|CODE|1099007|(所有人都尝试使用Debian+Buster的git+2.20.1。)|1099008|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/users/42219/apenwarr|1|https://stackoverflow.com/a/4909267/793172|2|https://stackoverflow.com/users/43534/miral|3|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4114887/is-it-possible-to-do-a-sparse-checkout-without-checking-out-the-whole-repository#comment56177471_4909267|4|https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/468182/94426^0|2|8|0|B|B|1|N|5|2|T|C|3|0|0|0|5|2E|3X|9|47|S|5L|C|67|M|2L|B|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@$A|17|B|18|1|19]|$A|1A|B|1B|1|1C]|$A|1D|B|1E|1|1F]|$A|1G|B|1H|1|1I]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1L|8|@$A|1M|B|1N|M|N]|$A|1O|B|1P|M|N]|$A|1Q|B|1R|M|N]|$A|1S|B|1T|M|N]|$A|1U|B|1V|M|N]]|9|@$A|1W|B|1X|1|1Y]]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|X]]|Y|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|Z]]|10|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|11]]|12|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|13]]|14|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|15]]]]

Based on <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/4909267/793172">this answer</a> by <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/42219/apenwarr">apenwarr</a> and <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4114887/is-it-possible-to-do-a-sparse-checkout-without-checking-out-the-whole-repository#comment56177471_4909267">this comment</a> by <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/43534/miral">Miral</a> I came up with the following solution which saved me nearly 94% of disk space when cloning the linux git repository locally while only wanting one Documentation subdirectory:

<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>$ cd linux
$ du -sh .git .
2.1G .git
894M .
$ du -sh 
2.9G .
$ mkdir ../linux-sparse-test
$ cd ../linux-sparse-test
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /…/linux-sparse-test/.git/
$ git config core.sparseCheckout true
$ git remote add origin ../linux
# Parameter "origin master" saves a tiny bit if there are other branches
$ git fetch --depth=1 origin master
remote: Enumerating objects: 65839, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (65839/65839), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (61140/61140), done.
remote: Total 65839 (delta 6202), reused 22590 (delta 3703)
Receiving objects: 100% (65839/65839), 173.09 MiB | 10.05 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (6202/6202), done.
From ../linux
 * branch master -&gt; FETCH_HEAD
 * [new branch] master -&gt; origin/master
$ echo "Documentation/hid/*" &gt; .git/info/sparse-checkout
$ git checkout master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
Already on 'master'
$ ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 3 abe abe 4096 May 3 14:12 Documentation/
$ du -sh .git .
181M .git
100K .
$ du -sh
182M .
</code></pre>

So I got down from 2.9GB to 182MB which is already quiet nice.

I though didn't get this to work with <code>git clone --depth 1 --no-checkout --filter=blob:none file:///…/linux linux-sparse-test</code> (<a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/468182/94426">hinted here</a>) as then the missing files were all added as removed files to the index. So if anyone knows the equivalent of <code>git clone --filter=blob:none</code> for <code>git fetch</code>, we can probably save some more megabytes. (Reading the man page of <code>git-rev-list</code> also hints that there is something like <code>--filter=sparse:path=…</code>, but I didn't get that to work either.

(All tried with git 2.20.1 from Debian Buster.)

blocks|key|884265|text|在我的例子中，我希望在克隆项目时跳过Pods文件夹。我像下面这样一步一步地做了，它对我很有效。希望能有所帮助。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|884266|mkdir+my_folder
cd+my_folder
git+init
git+remote+add+origin+-f+<URL>
git+config+core.sparseCheckout+true+
echo+'!Pods/*\n/*'+>+.git/info/sparse-checkout
git+pull+origin+master|code-block|syntax|javascript|884267|备注，如果你想跳过更多的文件夹，只需在稀疏签出文件中添加更多行即可。|884268|entityMap^0|I|4|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

In my case, I want to skip the <code>Pods</code> folder when cloning the project. I did step by step like below and it works for me.
Hope it helps.

<pre><code>mkdir my_folder
cd my_folder
git init
git remote add origin -f &lt;URL&gt;
git config core.sparseCheckout true 
echo '!Pods/*\n/*' &gt; .git/info/sparse-checkout
git pull origin master
</code></pre>

Memo, If you want to skip more folders, just add more line in sparse-checkout file.

blocks|key|884300|text|在2020年，有一种更简单的方法来处理稀疏结帐，而不必担心.git文件。下面是我是如何做到的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|884301|git+clone+<URL>+--no-checkout+<directory>
cd+<directory>
git+sparse-checkout+init+--cone+#+to+fetch+only+root+files
git+sparse-checkout+set+apps/my_app+libs/my_lib+#+etc,+to+list+sub-folders+to+checkout
git+checkout+#+or+git+switch|code-block|syntax|javascript|884302|请注意，它需要安装git版本2.25。点击此处了解更多信息：https://github.blog/2020-01-17-bring-your-monorepo-down-to-size-with-sparse-checkout/|offset|length|884303|更新：|884304|上面的git+clone命令仍然会克隆带有完整历史记录的存储库，但不会签出文件。如果您不需要完整的历史记录，可以将--depth参数添加到命令中，如下所示：|style|CODE|884305|#+create+a+shallow+clone,
#+with+only+1+(since+depth+equals+1)+latest+commit+in+history
git+clone+<URL>+--no-checkout+<directory>+--depth+1|884306|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.blog/2020-01-17-bring-your-monorepo-down-to-size-with-sparse-checkout/|1|https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone#Documentation/git-clone.txt---depthltdepthgt^0|0|0|U|2D|0|0|0|3|9|1L|7|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@$I|15|J|16|1|17]]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|19|8|@$I|1A|J|1B|O|P]]|9|@$I|1C|J|1D|1|1E]]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|Z]]|10|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|11]]]]

In 2020 there is a simpler way to deal with sparse-checkout without having to worry about .git files. Here is how I did it:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>git clone &lt;URL&gt; --no-checkout &lt;directory&gt;
cd &lt;directory&gt;
git sparse-checkout init --cone # to fetch only root files
git sparse-checkout set apps/my_app libs/my_lib # etc, to list sub-folders to checkout
git checkout # or git switch
</code></pre>
Note that it requires git version 2.25 installed. Read more about it here: <a href="https://github.blog/2020-01-17-bring-your-monorepo-down-to-size-with-sparse-checkout/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.blog/2020-01-17-bring-your-monorepo-down-to-size-with-sparse-checkout/</a>
UPDATE:
The above <code>git clone</code> command will still clone the repo with its full history, though without checking the files out. If you don't need the full history, you can add <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone#Documentation/git-clone.txt---depthltdepthgt" rel="nofollow noreferrer">--depth</a> parameter to the command, like this:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code># create a shallow clone,
# with only 1 (since depth equals 1) latest commit in history
git clone &lt;URL&gt; --no-checkout &lt;directory&gt; --depth 1
</code></pre>

blocks|key|884352|text|在git+2.28中工作|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|884353|git+clone+--filter=blob:none+--no-checkout+--depth+1+--sparse+<project-url>
cd+<project>
git+sparse-checkout+init+--cone|code-block|syntax|javascript|884354|指定要克隆的文件和文件夹|884355|git+sparse-checkout+add+<folder>/<innerfolder>+<folder2>/<innerfolder2>
git+checkout|884356|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

Works in git 2.28
<pre><code>git clone --filter=blob:none --no-checkout --depth 1 --sparse &lt;project-url&gt;
cd &lt;project&gt;
git sparse-checkout init --cone
</code></pre>
Specify the files and folders you want to clone
<pre><code>git sparse-checkout add &lt;folder&gt;/&lt;innerfolder&gt; &lt;folder2&gt;/&lt;innerfolder2&gt;
git checkout
</code></pre>

I'm working with a repository with a very large number of files that takes hours to checkout. I'm looking into the possibility of whether Git would work well with this kind of repository now that it supports sparse checkouts but every example that I can find does the following:

<pre><code>git clone &lt;path&gt;
git config core.sparsecheckout true
echo &lt;dir&gt; &gt; .git/info/sparse-checkout
git read-tree -m -u HEAD
</code></pre>

The problem with this sequence of commands is the original clone also does a checkout. If you add -n to the original clone command, then the read-tree command results in the following error:

error: Sparse checkout leaves no entry on working directory

How can do the sparse checkout without checking out all the files first?

Is it possible to do a sparse checkout without checking out the whole repository first?

Debian

我正在使用一个包含大量文件的存储库，这些文件需要几个小时才能签出。我正在研究Git是否可以很好地与这种存储库一起工作，因为它支持稀疏签出，但我能找到的每个例子都是这样的：git clone <path>git config core.sparsecheckout trueecho <dir> > .git/info/s...

问是否可以在不先签出整个存储库的情况下执行稀疏签出？
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