blocks|key|1403759|text|通过你的问题编辑，我看到了你的问题。假设当前目录为/home/yourname+...在这种情况下，您的命令如下：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1403760|sed+'s/xxx/'$PWD'/'|code-block|syntax|javascript|1403761|将扩展为|1403762|sed+`s/xxx//home/yourname//|1403763|这是无效的。如果要执行此操作，则需要在$PWD中的每个/前面放置一个\字符。|1403764|entityMap^0|P|E|0|0|0|0|R|1|Y|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|R|$]]

With your question edit, I see your problem. Let's say the current directory is <code>/home/yourname</code> ... in this case, your command below:

<pre><code>sed 's/xxx/'$PWD'/'
</code></pre>

will be expanded to

<pre><code>sed `s/xxx//home/yourname//
</code></pre>

which is not valid. You need to put a <code>\</code> character in front of each <code>/</code> in your $PWD if you want to do this.

blocks|key|1403851|text|除了Norman+Ramsey的回答之外，我还想补充说，您可以用双引号将整个字符串引起来(这可能会使语句更具可读性，也不容易出错)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1403852|因此，如果要搜索'foo‘并将其替换为$BAR的内容，可以将sed命令用双引号括起来。|1403853|sed+'s/foo/$BAR/g'
sed+"s/foo/$BAR/g"|code-block|syntax|javascript|1403854|在第一种情况下，$BAR不会正确扩展，而在第二种情况下，$BAR会正确扩展。|1403855|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

In addition to Norman Ramsey's answer, I'd like to add that you can double-quote the entire string (which may make the statement more readable and less error prone).

So if you want to search for 'foo' and replace it with the content of $BAR, you can enclose the sed command in double-quotes.

<pre><code>sed 's/foo/$BAR/g'
sed "s/foo/$BAR/g"
</code></pre>

In the first, $BAR will not expand correctly while in the second $BAR will expand correctly.

blocks|key|1403910|text|实际上，最简单的事情(至少在GNU中)是对sed替换(s)命令使用不同的分隔符。因此，不要将s/pattern/'$mypath'/扩展到s/pattern//my/path/，这当然会使s命令混乱，而是使用s!pattern!'$mypath'!，它将扩展到s!pattern!/my/path!。我使用了bang!(或使用任何您喜欢的)字符，它避免了通常的，但决不是您唯一选择的正斜杠作为分隔符。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1403911|entityMap^0|R|1|1A|K|1X|J|2M|1|2W|K|3M|J|4E|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]|$9|K|A|L|B|C]|$9|M|A|N|B|C]|$9|O|A|P|B|C]|$9|Q|A|R|B|C]|$9|S|A|T|B|C]|$9|U|A|V|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

Actually, the simplest thing (in GNU sed, at least) is to use a different separator for the sed substitution (<code>s</code>) command. So, instead of <code>s/pattern/'$mypath'/</code> being expanded to <code>s/pattern//my/path/</code>, which will of course confuse the <code>s</code> command, use <code>s!pattern!'$mypath'!</code>, which will be expanded to <code>s!pattern!/my/path!</code>. I’ve used the bang (<code>!</code>) character (or use anything you like) which avoids the usual, but-by-no-means-your-only-choice forward slash as the separator.

blocks|key|1618686|text|除了"/“之外，您还可以使用其他字符进行替换：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1618687|sed+"s#$1#$2#g"+-i+FILE|code-block|syntax|javascript|1618688|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You can use other characters besides "/" in substitution:

<pre><code>sed "s#$1#$2#g" -i FILE
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1403998|text|我也有类似的问题，我有一个列表，我必须基于模板(包含@INPUT@作为要替换的元素)构建一个SQL脚本：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1403999|for+i+in+LIST+
do
++++awk+"sub(/\@INPUT\@/,\"${i}\");"+template.sql+>>+output
done|code-block|syntax|javascript|1404000|entityMap^0|Q|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

I had similar problem, I had a list and I have to build a SQL script based on template (that contained <code>@INPUT@</code> as element to replace):

<pre><code>for i in LIST 
do
 awk "sub(/\@INPUT\@/,\"${i}\");" template.sql &gt;&gt; output
done
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1618776|text|VAR=8675309
echo+"abcde:jhdfj$jhbsfiy/.hghi$jh:12345:dgve::"+%7C\
sed+'s/:[0-9]*:/:'$VAR':/1'+|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1618777|其中，VAR包含要用来替换该字段的内容|unstyled|offset|length|style|CODE|1618778|entityMap^0|0|3|3|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|N|8|@$G|O|H|P|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|F|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

<pre><code>VAR=8675309
echo &quot;abcde:jhdfj$jhbsfiy/.hghi$jh:12345:dgve::&quot; |\
sed 's/:[0-9]*:/:'$VAR':/1' 
</code></pre>
where <code>VAR</code> contains what you want to replace the field with

blocks|key|1618826|text|另一个简单的选择：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1618827|因为$PWD通常包含一个斜杠/，所以对于sed语句使用%7C而不是/：|offset|length|style|CODE|1618828|sed+-e+"s%7Cxxx%7C$PWD%7C"|code-block|syntax|javascript|1618829|entityMap^0|0|2|4|E|1|R|1|V|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@$D|Q|E|R|F|G]|$D|S|E|T|F|G]|$D|U|E|V|F|G]|$D|W|E|X|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

Another easy alternative:

Since <code>$PWD</code> will usually contain a slash <code>/</code>, use <code>|</code> instead of <code>/</code> for the sed statement:

<pre><code>sed -e "s|xxx|$PWD|"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1618904|text|一。错误的方式:更改分隔符|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1618905|sed+'s/xxx/'"$PWD"'/'
sed+'s:xxx:'"$PWD"':'
sed+'s@xxx@'"$PWD"'@'|code-block|syntax|javascript|1618906|也许这些不是最终的答案，|1618907|您无法知道$PWD、/+:或@中会出现什么字符。|offset|length|style|CODE|1618908|最好的方法是替换(转义)+$PWD中的特殊字符。|1618909|二。好方法:转义分隔符|1618910|例如:尝试将URL替换为$url+(内容中包含:+/+)|1618911|x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js|1618912|在字符串$tmp中|1618913|<a+href="URL">URL</a>|1618914|A.使用/作为分隔符|1618915|将/转义为var中的\/+(在sed表达式中使用之前)|1618916|##+step+1:+try+escape
echo+${url//\//\\/}
x.com:80\/aa\/bb\/aa.js+++#escape+fine

echo+${url//\//\/}
x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js++++++#escape+not+success

echo+"${url//\//\/}"
x.com:80\/aa\/bb\/aa.js+++#escape+fine,+notice+`"`


##+step+2:+do+sed
echo+$tmp+%7C+sed+"s/URL/${url//\//\\/}/"
<a+href="x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js">URL</a>

echo+$tmp+%7C+sed+"s/URL/${url//\//\/}/"
<a+href="x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js">URL</a>|1618917|或|1618918|B.使用:作为分隔符(比/更具可读性)|1618919|将:转义为var中的\:+(在sed表达式中使用之前)|1618920|##+step+1:+try+escape
echo+${url//:/\:}
x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js+++++#escape+not+success

echo+"${url//:/\:}"
x.com\:80/aa/bb/aa.js++++#escape+fine,+notice+`"`


##+step+2:+do+sed
echo+$tmp+%7C+sed+"s:URL:${url//:/\:}:g"
<a+href="x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js">x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js</a>|1618921|entityMap^0|0|0|0|5|4|A|1|C|1|E|1|0|D|4|0|0|6|3|N|1|P|1|0|0|0|0|4|1|0|1|1|A|2|0|0|0|4|1|C|1|0|1|1|A|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|1J|8|@$K|1K|L|1L|M|N]|$K|1M|L|1N|M|N]|$K|1O|L|1P|M|N]|$K|1Q|L|1R|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1S|8|@$K|1T|L|1U|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1W|8|@$K|1X|L|1Y|M|N]|$K|1Z|L|20|M|N]|$K|21|L|22|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|D|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|D|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|26|8|@$K|27|L|28|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|29|8|@$K|2A|L|2B|M|N]|$K|2C|L|2D|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|D|7|2E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|16|3|17|5|6|7|2F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|18|3|19|5|6|7|2G|8|@$K|2H|L|2I|M|N]|$K|2J|L|2K|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|6|7|2L|8|@$K|2M|L|2N|M|N]|$K|2O|L|2P|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|D|7|2Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|1E|3|-4|5|6|7|2R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1F|$]]

<h2>一. bad way: change delimiter</h2>
<pre><code>sed 's/xxx/'&quot;$PWD&quot;'/'
sed 's:xxx:'&quot;$PWD&quot;':'
sed 's@xxx@'&quot;$PWD&quot;'@'
</code></pre>
maybe those not the final answer,
you can not known what character will occur in <code>$PWD</code>, <code>/</code> <code>:</code> OR <code>@</code>.
the good way is replace(escape) the special character in <code>$PWD</code>.
<h2>二. good way: escape delimiter</h2>
for example:
try to replace <code>URL</code> as $url (has <code>:</code> <code>/</code> in content)
<pre><code>x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js
</code></pre>
in string $tmp
<pre><code>&lt;a href=&quot;URL&quot;&gt;URL&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>A. use <code>/</code> as delimiter</h3>
escape <code>/</code> as <code>\/</code> in var (before use in sed expression)
<pre><code>## step 1: try escape
echo ${url//\//\\/}
x.com:80\/aa\/bb\/aa.js #escape fine

echo ${url//\//\/}
x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js #escape not success

echo &quot;${url//\//\/}&quot;
x.com:80\/aa\/bb\/aa.js #escape fine, notice `&quot;`


## step 2: do sed
echo $tmp | sed &quot;s/URL/${url//\//\\/}/&quot;
&lt;a href=&quot;x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js&quot;&gt;URL&lt;/a&gt;

echo $tmp | sed &quot;s/URL/${url//\//\/}/&quot;
&lt;a href=&quot;x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js&quot;&gt;URL&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
OR
<h3>B. use <code>:</code> as delimiter (more readable than <code>/</code>)</h3>
escape <code>:</code> as <code>\:</code> in var (before use in sed expression)
<pre><code>## step 1: try escape
echo ${url//:/\:}
x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js #escape not success

echo &quot;${url//:/\:}&quot;
x.com\:80/aa/bb/aa.js #escape fine, notice `&quot;`


## step 2: do sed
echo $tmp | sed &quot;s:URL:${url//:/\:}:g&quot;
&lt;a href=&quot;x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js&quot;&gt;x.com:80/aa/bb/aa.js&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1618963|text|如果您的替换字符串可能包含其他sed+control+characters，那么两步替换(第一个escaping+the+replacement+string)可能是您想要的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1618964|PWD='/a\1&b$_'+#+these+are+problematic+for+sed
PWD_ESC=$(printf+'%25s\n'+"$PWD"+%7C+sed+-e+'s/[\/&]/\\&/g')
echo+'xxx'+%7C+sed+"s/xxx/$PWD_ESC/"+#+now+this+works+as+expected|code-block|syntax|javascript|1618965|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/33005|1|https://stackoverflow.com/a/2705678^0|F|M|0|1C|V|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]|Q|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|R]]]]

If your replacement string may contain other <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/33005">sed control characters</a>, then a two-step substitution (first <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/2705678">escaping the replacement string</a>) may be what you want:
<pre><code>PWD='/a\1&amp;b$_' # these are problematic for sed
PWD_ESC=$(printf '%s\n' &quot;$PWD&quot; | sed -e 's/[\/&amp;]/\\&amp;/g')
echo 'xxx' | sed &quot;s/xxx/$PWD_ESC/&quot; # now this works as expected
</code></pre>

If I run these commands from a script:

<pre><code>#my.sh
PWD=bla
sed 's/xxx/'$PWD'/'
...
$ ./my.sh
xxx
bla
</code></pre>

it is fine.

But, if I run:

<pre><code>#my.sh
sed 's/xxx/'$PWD'/'
...
$ ./my.sh
$ sed: -e expression #1, char 8: Unknown option to `s' 
</code></pre>

I read in tutorials that to substitute environment variables from shell you need to stop, and 'out quote' the <code>$varname</code> part so that it is not substituted directly, which is what I did, and which works only if the variable is defined immediately before.

How can I get sed to recognize a <code>$var</code> as an environment variable as it is defined in the shell?

Environment variable substitution in sed

如果我从脚本运行这些命令：#my.shPWD=blased 's/xxx/'$PWD'/'...$ ./my.shxxxbla这很好。但是，如果我运行：#my.shsed 's/xxx/'$PWD'/'...$ ./my.sh$ sed: -e expression #1, char 8: Unknown option...

问sed中的环境变量替换
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