blocks|key|999903|text|您是在寻找一个ORM，还是一个允许您直接编写SQL语句并在存在差异的地方进行转换的库？|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|999904|我不确定psycopg2是否是纯python，但它肯定有绑定，并且可以在所有平台上工作。您仍然需要至少安装psycopg2才能与PostgreSQL数据库通信，因为Python+(据我所知)并不是原生随附的。|999905|在那里，你想要的任何额外的ORM库也需要安装，但大多数都是纯python，在他们使用的任何后端之上。|999906|SQLAlchemy，Django，SQLAlchemy都在它们的数据库层之上进行了抽象层--根据你的描述，Django对于你的需求(我的需求)来说可能太大了，但它是一个流行的框架，SQLAlchemy是一个久经考验的真正的系统-尽管如果你必须处理继承(在我看来)，那就有点笨拙了。我听说Storm很好，虽然我没有对它进行太多的测试，所以我不能完全说。|999907|如果您希望混合匹配(+MySQL中的一些表和PostgreSQL中的一些表)和可以是MySQL或PostgreSQL的单个数据库，我一直在研究一种名为ORB的对象关系管理，它更侧重于面向对象的设计，并允许多个数据库和数据库之间的关系。现在它只支持PostgreSQL和Mongo，只是因为我不需要MySQL，但我已经准备好编写那个后端了。其代码可以在http://docs.projexsoftware.com/api/orb中找到|offset|length|999908|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.projexsoftware.com/api/orb^0|0|0|0|0|4V|12|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@$J|Y|K|Z|1|10]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|S]]]]

Are you looking for an ORM, or a single library that would allow you to write SQL statements directly and convert where there are differences?

I'm not sure whether psycopg2 is pure-python or not, but it certainly has bindings and works on all platforms. You'd still have to install at least psycopg2 to communicate with the PostgreSQL database as Python (as far as I know) doesn't ship with it natively.

From there, any additional ORM library you want would also need to be installed, but most are pure-python on-top of whatever backend they use.

Storm, Django, SQLAlchemy all have abstracted layers on top of their database layer - based on your description, Django is probably too large a framework for your needs (was for mine) but is a popular one, SQLAlchemy is a tried and true system - tho a bit clunky particularly if you have to deal with inheritance (in my opinion). I have heard that Storm is good, tho I haven't tested too much with it so I can't fully say.

If you are looking to mix and match (some tables in MySQL and some tables in PostgreSQL) vs. a single database that could be either MySQL or PostgreSQL, I've been working on an ORM called ORB that focuses more on object-oriented design and allows for multiple databases and relationships between databases. Right now it only supports PostgreSQL and Mongo, just cause I haven't needed MySQL, but I'd be up for writing that backend. The code for that can be found at <a href="http://docs.projexsoftware.com/api/orb" rel="nofollow">http://docs.projexsoftware.com/api/orb</a>

blocks|key|999917|text|答案分为两部分：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|999918|A)这是绝对可能的。|999919|B)根据您的实际考虑，纯python可能是也可能不是解决问题的好方法。|999920|解释：|999921|SqlAlchemy库有两个组件:更流行的"ORM“和它所在的”核心“。这两种方法都允许您以SqlAlchemy格式(也就是Python语言)编写SQL命令；然后，SqlAlchemy会将语句编译成Mysql或PostgreSQL，并连接到适当的数据库。|offset|length|style|CODE|999922|SqlAlchemy是一个很棒的库，我推荐它做任何事情。虽然您确实必须以它们的格式编写语句，但它很容易掌握--而且您可以切换到几乎任何您想要的底层数据库库……任何时候都可以。它是在任何数据库项目中使用的完美平台，无论您是否需要支持多个后端。|999923|SqlAlchemy通过标准的DBAPI驱动程序与数据库通信，并且确实支持纯python的多种选项，特别是pymysql和pypostgresql驱动程序(+http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/engines.html#supported-dbapis+)。|999924|至于编写csv，标准库已经涵盖了。|999925|import+csv|code-block|syntax|javascript|999926|所以需要注意的是？|999927|以下内容可能适用于您的情况，也可能不适用：|999928|python领域中的大多数高级数据库模块仍然推荐mysql-python和Most+-这两个都不是纯的-python和针对已安装数据库的编译/链接/配置。这在很大程度上似乎是由于API+/集成问题和各种纯python包在CPython下运行时与c扩展相比的速度造成的。|999929|有一些像我推荐的纯python驱动程序，但大多数评论者表示，它们主要是实验性的。pymysql的作者声称稳定性和生产准备就绪，一些博客的开发人员对此提出了质疑。至于“稳定的”或“实验的”是什么意思，这随项目而异。有些是不断变化的API，有些是不完整的，有些是错误的。|999930|您需要确保能够为每个系统找到支持所需操作的纯python驱动程序。这可能很简单，也可能很混乱。无论您是使用SqlAlchemy还是其他工具，在选择DBAPI驱动程序时都会遇到这个问题。|999931|PyPy项目(纯python+python解释器)有一个wiki，列出了各种包的兼容性：https://bitbucket.org/pypy/compatibility/wiki/Home，我希望他们能提供具体的驱动程序建议。如果PyPy是您的目标平台，那么SqlAlchemy也可以完美地运行在它上。|999932|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/engines.html#supported-dbapis|1|https://bitbucket.org/pypy/compatibility/wiki/Home^0|0|0|0|0|0|A|0|0|1H|7|1P|C|27|1Z|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|18|1E|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1O|8|@$J|1P|K|1Q|L|M]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1S|8|@$J|1T|K|1U|L|M]|$J|1V|K|1W|L|M]]|9|@$J|1X|K|1Y|1|1Z]]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|V|7|21|8|@]|9|@]|A|$W|X]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|6|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|16|3|17|5|6|7|26|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|18|3|19|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@$J|28|K|29|1|2A]]|A|$]]|$1|1A|3|-4|5|6|7|2B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1B|$1C|$5|1D|1E|1F|A|$1G|1H]]|1I|$5|1D|1E|1F|A|$1G|1J]]]]

Two part answer:

A) This is absolutely possible.

B) Depending on your exact concerns, a pure-python may or may not be a good approach to your problem.

Explained:

The <code>SqlAlchemy</code> library comes with two components : the more popular "ORM" , and the "Core" which it sits on top of. Either one will let you write your SQL commands in the SqlAlchemy format (which is just Python); SqlAlchemy will then compile the statements to Mysql or PostgreSQL and connect to the appropriate database. 

SqlAlchemy is a great library, and I recommend it for just about everything. While you do have to write your statements in their format, it's easy to pick up -- and you can switch to virtually any underlying database library you want... at any time. It's the perfect platform to use in any database project , whether or not you need to support multiple backends.

SqlAlchemy talks to the database via the standard DBAPI drivers, and does support multiple options for pure python, notably the <code>pymysql</code> and <code>pypostgresql</code> drivers ( <a href="http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/engines.html#supported-dbapis" rel="nofollow">http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/core/engines.html#supported-dbapis</a> )

As for writing csv, the standard library has you covered.

<pre><code>import csv
</code></pre>

So the caveat? 

The following may or may not apply to your situation:

Most higher level db modules in the python universe are still recommending mysql-python and psycopg - both of which are not pure-python and compile/link/configure against the installed database. This largely seems to be from a mix of API / integration concerns and the speed of the various pure-python packages compared to c-extensions when run under CPython.

There are pure-python drivers like I recommended, but most reviewers state that they're largely experimental. The pymysql authors claim stability and production readiness, some developers who blog have challenged that. As for what "stabile" or "experimental" means, that varies with the projects. Some have a changing API, others are incomplete, some are buggy.

You'd need to ensure that you can find pure-python drivers for each system that support the exact operations you need. This could be simple, or this could be messy. Whether you use SqlAlchemy or something else, you'll still face this concern when selecting a DBAPI driver.

The PyPy project ( pure-python python interpreter ) has a wiki listing the compatibility of various packages : <a href="https://bitbucket.org/pypy/compatibility/wiki/Home" rel="nofollow">https://bitbucket.org/pypy/compatibility/wiki/Home</a> I would defer to them for specific driver suggestions. If PyPy is your intended platform, SqlAlchemy runs perfectly on it as well.

blocks|key|988905|text|使用SQL-Alchemy。它适用于大多数数据库类型，当然也适用于postgres和MySQL。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|988906|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Use SQL-Alchemy. It will work with most database types, and certainly does work with postgres and MySQL.

I am looking for a pure-python SQL library that would give access to both MySQL and PostgreSQL.

The only requirement is to run on Python 2.5+ and be pure-python, so it can be included with the script and still run on most platforms (no-install).

In fact I am looking for a simple solution that would allow me to write SQL and export the results as CSV files.

Pure python SQL solution that works with PostgreSQL and MySQL?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我正在寻找一个纯粹的python SQL库，可以同时访问MySQL和PostgreSQL。惟一的要求是在Python 2.5+上运行，并且是纯python，所以它可以包含在脚本中，并且仍然可以在大多数平台上运行(无需安装)。事实上，我正在寻找一个简单的解决方案，它将允许我编写SQL并将结果导出为CSV文件。

问与PostgreSQL和MySQL一起工作的纯python SQL解决方案？
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