我正在为我的for应用程序使用Django,并且已经将教程@ https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/accounts-and-users/subscribe-account-activity/guides/securing-webhooks调整为在Python3中运行,但是我在我的视图中遇到了这个问题
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpRequest
import base64, hashlib, hmac, json
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.views.decorators.clickjacking import xframe_options_exempt
from django.views.decorators.http import require_GET
@csrf_exempt
@xframe_options_exempt
def twitter_webhook(request):
msg = request.GET.get('crc_token')
msg_bytes = msg.encode()
sha256_hash_digest =
hmac.new(b'bEfpTIneaasdf876asd9f87908709asdf76789689as7dfH', msg_bytes, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()
resp = 'sha256=' + str(sha256_hash_digest)
twitter_response = {
'response_token': resp
}
return json.dumps(twitter_response)
'str‘对象没有属性’str‘
使用pycharm,我已经一步一步地调试了我的代码,一切都很好,返回适当的散列,直到它被点击劫持中间件捕获。
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/twitter?crc_token=1230983450923485
Django Version: 2.1.4
Exception Type: AttributeError
Exception Value:
'str' object has no attribute 'xframe_options_exempt'
Exception Location:
C:\Users\micha\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-
packages\django\views\decorators\clickjacking.py in wrapped_view, line 51
Python Executable:
C:\Users\micha\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe
Python Version: 3.7.1
Python Path:
['C:\\Users\\micha\\Documents\\Projects\\sinclaire_webhooks',
'C:\\Program Files\\JetBrains\\PyCharm 2018.3.1\\helpers\\pydev',
'C:\\Users\\micha\\Documents\\Projects\\sinclaire_webhooks',
'C:\\Program Files\\JetBrains\\PyCharm '
'2018.3.1\\helpers\\third_party\\thriftpy',
'C:\\Program Files\\JetBrains\\PyCharm 2018.3.1\\helpers\\pydev',
'C:\\Users\\micha\\.PyCharm2018.3\\system\\cythonExtensions',
'C:\\Users\\micha\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\python37.zip',
'C:\\Users\\micha\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\DLLs',
'C:\\Users\\micha\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\lib',
'C:\\Users\\micha\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37',
'C:\\Users\\micha\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\lib\\site- packages',
'C:\\Program Files\\JetBrains\\PyCharm '
'2018.3.1\\helpers\\pycharm_matplotlib_backend']
Server time: Sun, 16 Dec 2018 17:58:20 +0000
我已经搜索了,但找不到任何明确的东西来引导我解决这个问题,并且作为python和django的新手,任何帮助都将不胜感激!
发布于 2018-12-17 05:41:52
问题是您直接从视图返回一个JSON字符串,这会导致xframe_options_exempt
装饰器崩溃,因为它需要一个HttpResponse
。Django视图函数 should return an HttpResponse
。
您可以修改视图以返回如下所示的HttpResponse
:
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(twitter_response), content_type='application/json')
或者使用JsonResponse
(HttpResponse
的子类),让Django处理字典到JSON的转换:
from django.http.response import JsonResponse
...
@csrf_exempt
@xframe_options_exempt
def twitter_webhook(request):
...
twitter_response = {
'response_token': resp
}
return JsonResponse(twitter_response) # No need to use json.dumps()
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53805203
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