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Python数据分析(中英对照)·Slicing NumPy Arrays 切片 NumPy 数组

It’s easy to index and slice NumPy arrays regardless of their dimension,meaning whether they are vectors or matrices. 索引和切片NumPy数组很容易,不管它们的维数如何,也就是说它们是向量还是矩阵。 With one-dimension arrays, we can index a given element by its position, keeping in mind that indices start at 0. 使用一维数组,我们可以根据给定元素的位置对其进行索引,记住索引从0开始。 With two-dimensional arrays, the first index specifies the row of the array and the second index 对于二维数组,第一个索引指定数组的行,第二个索引指定行 specifies the column of the array. 指定数组的列。 This is exactly the way we would index elements of a matrix in linear algebra. 这正是我们在线性代数中索引矩阵元素的方法。 We can also slice NumPy arrays. 我们还可以切片NumPy数组。 Remember the indexing logic. 记住索引逻辑。 Start index is included but stop index is not,meaning that Python stops before it hits the stop index. 包含开始索引,但不包含停止索引,这意味着Python在到达停止索引之前停止。 NumPy arrays can have more dimensions than one of two. NumPy数组的维度可以多于两个数组中的一个。 For example, you could have three or four dimensional arrays. 例如,可以有三维或四维数组。 With multi-dimensional arrays, you can use the colon character in place of a fixed value for an index, which means that the array elements corresponding to all values of that particular index will be returned. 对于多维数组,可以使用冒号字符代替索引的固定值,这意味着将返回与该特定索引的所有值对应的数组元素。 For a two-dimensional array, using just one index returns the given row which is consistent with the construction of 2D arrays as lists of lists, where the inner lists correspond to the rows of the array. 对于二维数组,只使用一个索引返回给定的行,该行与二维数组作为列表的构造一致,其中内部列表对应于数组的行。 Let’s then do some practice. 然后让我们做一些练习。 I’m first going to define two one-dimensional arrays,called lower case x and lower case y. 我首先要定义两个一维数组,叫做小写x和小写y。 And I’m also going to define two two-dimensional arrays,and I’m going to denote them with capital X and capital Y. Let’s first see how we would access a single element of the array. 我还将定义两个二维数组,我将用大写字母X和大写字母Y表示它们。让我们先看看如何访问数组中的单个元素。 So just typing x square bracket 2 gives me the element located at position 2 of x. 所以只要输入x方括号2,就得到了位于x的位置2的元素。 I can also do slicing. 我也会做切片。 So

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Python数据分析(中英对照)·Random Walks 随机游走

This is a good point to introduce random walks. 这是引入随机游动的一个很好的观点。 Random walks have many uses. 随机游动有许多用途。 They can be used to model random movements of molecules, 它们可以用来模拟分子的随机运动, but they can also be used to model spatial trajectories of people, 但它们也可以用来模拟人的空间轨迹, the kind we might be able to measure using GPS or similar technologies. 我们可以用GPS或类似的技术来测量。 There are many different kinds of random walks, and properties of random walks 有许多不同种类的随机游动,以及随机游动的性质 are central to many areas in physics and mathematics. 是物理学和数学许多领域的核心。 Let’s look at a very basic type of random walk on the white board. 让我们看看白板上一种非常基本的随机行走。 We’re first going to set up a coordinate system. 我们首先要建立一个坐标系。 Let’s call this axis "y" and this "x". 我们把这个轴叫做“y”,这个叫做“x”。 We’d like to have the random walk start from the origin. 我们想让随机游动从原点开始。 So this is position 1 for the random walk. 这是随机游动的位置1。 To get the position of the random walker at time 1, we can pick a step size. 为了得到时间1时随机行走者的位置,我们可以选择一个步长。 In this case, I’m just going to randomly draw an arrow. 在这种情况下,我将随机画一个箭头。 And this gives us the location of the random walker at time 1. 这给了我们时间1的随机游走者的位置。 So this point here is time is equal to 0. 这里的时间等于0。 And this point here corresponds to time equal to 1. 这一点对应于等于1的时间。 We can take another step. 我们可以再走一步。 Perhaps in this case, we go down, say over here. 也许在这种情况下,我们下去,比如说在这里。 And this is our location for the random walker at time t is equal to 2. 这是时间t等于2时,随机游走者的位置。 This is the basic idea behind all random walks. 这是所有随机游动背后的基本思想。 You have some location at time t, and from that location 你在时间t有一个位置,从这个位置开始 you take a step in a random direction and that generates your location 你在一个随机的方向上迈出一步,这就产生了你的位置 at time t plus 1. 在时间t加1时。 Let’s look at these a little bit more mathematically. 让我们从数学的角度来看这些。 First, we’re going to start with the location of the random walk at time t 首先,我们从时间t的随机游动的位置开始 is equal to 0. 等于0。 So position x at time t is equal to 0 is whatever 所以时间t处的位置x等于0是什么 the location of the random walke

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