使用kwargs控制方法内部的流

def process_data(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

# 调用函数，传递任意关键字参数
process_data(name="Alice", age=30, city="New York")

def process_data(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        if key == "age" and not isinstance(value, int):
            raise ValueError("Age must be an integer")
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

process_data(age="thirty")  # 这将引发ValueError

def process_data(required_param, **kwargs):
    if required_param is None:
        raise ValueError("required_param is mandatory")
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

process_data(None)  # 这将引发ValueError

def process_data(**kwargs):
    if len(kwargs) != len(set(kwargs.keys())):
        raise ValueError("Duplicate keys are not allowed")
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

process_data(name="Alice", name="Bob")  # 这将引发ValueError