在Python中使用CBC显示初始化向量(二进制)

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding

def encrypt(plaintext, key, iv):
    backend = default_backend()
    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=backend)
    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
    padder = padding.PKCS7(128).padder()
    padded_plaintext = padder.update(plaintext) + padder.finalize()
    ciphertext = encryptor.update(padded_plaintext) + encryptor.finalize()
    return ciphertext

def decrypt(ciphertext, key, iv):
    backend = default_backend()
    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=backend)
    decryptor = cipher.decryptor()
    decrypted_padded_plaintext = decryptor.update(ciphertext) + decryptor.finalize()
    unpadder = padding.PKCS7(128).unpadder()
    plaintext = unpadder.update(decrypted_padded_plaintext) + unpadder.finalize()
    return plaintext

# 示例用法
key = b'0123456789abcdef'  # 密钥，长度为16字节（128位）
iv = b'1234567890abcdef'  # 初始化向量，长度为16字节（128位）
plaintext = b'This is a secret message.'  # 明文

ciphertext = encrypt(plaintext, key, iv)
print('加密后的密文:', ciphertext)

decrypted_plaintext = decrypt(ciphertext, key, iv)
print('解密后的明文:', decrypted_plaintext)