如何在C++中记录异常情况？

#include<iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    std::ofstream outfile;
    try {
        outfile.open("example.txt");
        if (!outfile.is_open()) {
            throw std::runtime_error("无法打开文件");
        }
        outfile << "这是一个示例文件\n";
        outfile.close();
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "捕获到异常：" << e.what()<< std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}