如何在php中为url添加字符串？

$url = 'https://www.example.com';
$param = 'id=123';
$newUrl = $url . '?' . $param;
echo $newUrl;

$url = 'https://www.example.com';
$params = array('id' => 123, 'name' => 'John');
$newUrl = $url . '?' . http_build_query($params);
echo $newUrl;

$url = 'https://www.example.com?id=123';
$params = array('name' => 'John', 'age' => 25);
$parts = parse_url($url);
parse_str($parts['query'], $query);
$query = array_merge($query, $params);
$newQuery = http_build_query($query);
$newUrl = $parts['scheme'] . '://' . $parts['host'] . $parts['path'] . '?' . $newQuery;
echo $newUrl;