如何在python中使用url？

from urllib.parse import urlparse

url = 'https://www.example.com/path?param1=value1&param2=value2'
parsed_url = urlparse(url)
print(parsed_url.scheme)  # 输出协议：https
print(parsed_url.netloc)  # 输出域名：www.example.com
print(parsed_url.path)  # 输出路径：/path
print(parsed_url.query)  # 输出查询参数：param1=value1&param2=value2

from urllib.parse import urlunparse

scheme = 'https'
netloc = 'www.example.com'
path = '/path'
params = ''
query = 'param1=value1&param2=value2'
fragment = ''
url = urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment))
print(url)  # 输出完整的URL：https://www.example.com/path?param1=value1&param2=value2

from urllib.request import urlopen

url = 'https://www.example.com'
response = urlopen(url)
html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)  # 输出网页内容

from urllib.parse import quote, unquote

url = 'https://www.example.com/path with spaces'
encoded_url = quote(url)
print(encoded_url)  # 输出编码后的URL：https%3A//www.example.com/path%20with%20spaces
decoded_url = unquote(encoded_url)
print(decoded_url)  # 输出解码后的URL：https://www.example.com/path with spaces