将不同的类作为参数传递给c++中的成员函数

class Animal {
public:
    virtual void makeSound() {
        // 基类的虚函数可以被派生类重写
        cout << "Animal makes a sound." << endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void makeSound() {
        cout << "Dog barks." << endl;
    }
};

class Cat : public Animal {
public:
    void makeSound() {
        cout << "Cat meows." << endl;
    }
};

void animalSound(Animal* animal) {
    // 通过基类指针调用成员函数，实现多态性
    animal->makeSound();
}

int main() {
    Dog dog;
    Cat cat;
    
    animalSound(&dog);  // 输出：Dog barks.
    animalSound(&cat);  // 输出：Cat meows.
    
    return 0;
}