按列遍历可变大小的二维数组

def column_wise_traversal(matrix):
    if not matrix or not matrix[0]:
        return []
    
    rows = len(matrix)
    cols = len(matrix[0])
    result = []
    
    for col in range(cols):
        for row in range(rows):
            result.append(matrix[row][col])
    
    return result

# 示例二维数组
matrix = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
]

# 按列遍历
print(column_wise_traversal(matrix))

def column_wise_traversal(matrix):
    if not matrix or not matrix[0]:
        return []
    
    rows = len(matrix)
    cols = len(matrix[0])
    result = []
    
    for col in range(cols):
        for row in range(rows):
            if row < len(matrix) and col < len(matrix[row]):
                result.append(matrix[row][col])
    
    return result

import numpy as np

def column_wise_traversal_numpy(matrix):
    if not matrix or not matrix[0]:
        return []
    
    arr = np.array(matrix)
    return arr.T.flatten().tolist()