C++如何创建异构容器

#include <variant>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::variant<int, double, std::string> myVariant;
    myVariant = 42; // 存储int类型
    std::cout << std::get<int>(myVariant) << std::endl; // 输出：42

    myVariant = 3.14; // 存储double类型
    std::cout << std::get<double>(myVariant) << std::endl; // 输出：3.14

    myVariant = "Hello"; // 存储std::string类型
    std::cout << std::get<std::string>(myVariant) << std::endl; // 输出：Hello

    return 0;
}

#include <any>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::any myAny;
    myAny = 42; // 存储int类型
    std::cout << std::any_cast<int>(myAny) << std::endl; // 输出：42

    myAny = 3.14; // 存储double类型
    std::cout << std::any_cast<double>(myAny) << std::endl; // 输出：3.14

    myAny = "Hello"; // 存储const char*类型
    std::cout << std::any_cast<const char*>(myAny) << std::endl; // 输出：Hello

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>

class Base {
public:
    virtual void print() const = 0;
};

class Derived1 : public Base {
public:
    void print() const override {
        std::cout << "Derived1" << std::endl;
    }
};

class Derived2 : public Base {
public:
    void print() const override {
        std::cout << "Derived2" << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base>> myContainer;
    myContainer.push_back(std::make_unique<Derived1>());
    myContainer.push_back(std::make_unique<Derived2>());

    for (const auto& item : myContainer) {
        item->print();
    }

    return 0;
}