Java:根据参数类型调用不同方法的最有效方式，这些方法都共享同一个超类

class Animal {
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Some generic animal sound");
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    @Override
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Woof!");
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
    @Override
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Meow!");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal myAnimal;

        // 创建Dog对象并赋值给Animal引用
        myAnimal = new Dog();
        myAnimal.makeSound();  // 输出: Woof!

        // 创建Cat对象并赋值给Animal引用
        myAnimal = new Cat();
        myAnimal.makeSound();  // 输出: Meow!
    }
}

interface AnimalVisitor {
    void visit(Dog dog);
    void visit(Cat cat);
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    @Override
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Woof!");
    }

    void accept(AnimalVisitor visitor) {
        visitor.visit(this);
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
    @Override
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Meow!");
    }

    void accept(AnimalVisitor visitor) {
        visitor.visit(this);
    }
}

class SoundMaker implements AnimalVisitor {
    @Override
    public void visit(Dog dog) {
        System.out.println("Making Dog sound");
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Cat cat) {
        System.out.println("Making Cat sound");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnimalVisitor visitor = new SoundMaker();

        Dog dog = new Dog();
        dog.accept(visitor);  // 输出: Making Dog sound

        Cat cat = new Cat();
        cat.accept(visitor);  // 输出: Making Cat sound
    }
}