VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) 是一种内置于Microsoft Office应用程序中的编程语言,可以用来与SQL Server数据库进行交互。通过VBA连接SQL Server可以实现从Excel、Access等Office应用程序中直接查询和操作数据库数据。
ADO (ActiveX Data Objects) 是Microsoft提供的数据访问接口,是VBA连接SQL Server最常用的方法。
Sub GetDataFromSQLServer()
Dim conn As Object
Dim rs As Object
Dim strSQL As String
Dim strConn As String
' 创建连接和记录集对象
Set conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
Set rs = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
' 连接字符串 - 根据实际情况修改
strConn = "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=服务器名称或IP;" & _
"Initial Catalog=数据库名称;User ID=用户名;Password=密码;"
' SQL查询语句
strSQL = "SELECT * FROM 表名 WHERE 条件"
' 打开连接
conn.Open strConn
' 执行查询
Set rs = conn.Execute(strSQL)
' 将结果输出到Excel工作表
Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A2").CopyFromRecordset rs
' 关闭连接
rs.Close
conn.Close
Set rs = Nothing
Set conn = Nothing
MsgBox "数据获取完成!"
End Sub
Sub GetDataWithParameters()
Dim conn As Object
Dim cmd As Object
Dim rs As Object
Dim param As Object
Set conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
Set cmd = CreateObject("ADODB.Command")
Set rs = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
conn.Open "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=服务器名称;Initial Catalog=数据库名称;User ID=用户名;Password=密码;"
' 创建命令对象
Set cmd.ActiveConnection = conn
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM 表名 WHERE 字段名 = ?"
cmd.CommandType = 1 ' adCmdText
' 添加参数
Set param = cmd.CreateParameter("param1", 200, 1, 50, "参数值") ' 200=adVarChar, 1=adParamInput
cmd.Parameters.Append param
' 执行查询
Set rs = cmd.Execute
' 处理结果...
rs.Close
conn.Close
Set rs = Nothing
Set cmd = Nothing
Set conn = Nothing
End Sub
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Sub CallStoredProcedure()
Dim conn As Object
Dim cmd As Object
Set conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
Set cmd = CreateObject("ADODB.Command")
conn.Open "Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=服务器名称;Initial Catalog=数据库名称;User ID=用户名;Password=密码;"
Set cmd.ActiveConnection = conn
cmd.CommandText = "存储过程名称"
cmd.CommandType = 4 ' adCmdStoredProc
' 添加参数
cmd.Parameters.Append cmd.CreateParameter("参数名", 数据类型, 方向, 大小, 值)
' 执行存储过程
cmd.Execute
conn.Close
Set cmd = Nothing
Set conn = Nothing
End Sub
Sub GetBinaryData()
Dim conn As Object
Dim rs As Object
Dim fso As Object
Dim stream As Object
Set conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
Set rs = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set stream = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
conn.Open "连接字符串"
rs.Open "SELECT 图片字段 FROM 表名 WHERE 条件", conn
If Not rs.EOF Then
stream.Type = 1 ' adTypeBinary
stream.Open
stream.Write rs.Fields("图片字段").Value
stream.SaveToFile "C:\保存路径\图片名.jpg", 2 ' adSaveCreateOverWrite
stream.Close
End If
rs.Close
conn.Close
End Sub
Sub TransactionExample()
Dim conn As Object
On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
Set conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Open "连接字符串"
' 开始事务
conn.BeginTrans
' 执行多个SQL操作
conn.Execute "UPDATE 表名 SET 字段=值 WHERE 条件"
conn.Execute "INSERT INTO 表名 (字段) VALUES (值)"
' 提交事务
conn.CommitTrans
conn.Close
Exit Sub
ErrorHandler:
' 回滚事务
If Not conn Is Nothing Then
conn.RollbackTrans
conn.Close
End If
MsgBox "错误: " & Err.Description
End Sub
通过以上方法和技巧,您可以高效、安全地使用VBA从SQL Server获取数据,满足各种业务需求。