libunwind

#include <libunwind.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void print_backtrace() {
    unw_context_t context;
    unw_cursor_t cursor;
    unw_word_t ip, sp;

    // 初始化上下文
    unw_getcontext(&context);
    unw_init_local(&cursor, &context);

    // 遍历堆栈帧
    while (unw_step(&cursor) > 0) {
        // 获取指令指针（IP）和堆栈指针（SP）
        unw_get_reg(&cursor, UNW_REG_IP, &ip);
        unw_get_reg(&cursor, UNW_REG_SP, &sp);

        // 打印信息
        char sym[256];
        if (unw_get_proc_name(&cursor, sym, sizeof(sym), NULL) == 0) {
            printf("ip = %lx, sp = %lx, function = %s + 0x%lx\n", ip, sp, sym, ip - (long)sym);
        } else {
            printf("ip = %lx, sp = %lx, function = unknown\n", ip, sp);
        }
    }
}

void func3() { print_backtrace(); }
void func2() { func3(); }
void func1() { func2(); }

int main() {
    func1();
    return 0;
}

gcc -o backtrace_example backtrace_example.c -lunwind

ip = 7f..., sp = 7f..., function = print_backtrace + 0x...
ip = 7f..., sp = 7f..., function = func3 + 0x...
ip = 7f..., sp = 7f..., function = func2 + 0x...
ip = 7f..., sp = 7f..., function = func1 + 0x...
ip = 7f..., sp = 7f..., function = main + 0x...
ip = 7f..., sp = 7f..., function = __libc_start_main + 0x...
ip = 7f..., sp = 7f..., function = _start + 0x...