linux 下获取bios

在Linux系统下获取BIOS信息可以通过多种方式实现，以下是一些常用的方法：

基础概念

BIOS（Basic Input/Output System）是计算机启动时加载的第一个软件，它负责初始化硬件设备并加载操作系统。获取BIOS信息可以帮助诊断硬件问题或进行系统配置。

类型

UEFI BIOS：现代计算机常用的BIOS类型，支持图形界面和更高级的功能。
Legacy BIOS：传统的BIOS类型，功能较为基础。

应用场景

硬件兼容性测试：在部署新系统或更新驱动程序前，检查BIOS版本以确保兼容性。
故障排除：当系统启动出现问题时，查看BIOS信息有助于定位问题。

获取BIOS信息的方法

方法一：使用 `dmidecode` 命令

dmidecode 是一个强大的工具，可以读取DMI（Desktop Management Interface）表中的信息，包括BIOS。

sudo dmidecode -t bios

示例输出：

# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.8 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
        Version: 1.00
        Release Date: 07/22/2020
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 8192 kB
        Characteristics:
                PCI is supported
                PNP is supported
                APM is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                EDD is supported
                5.25"/3.5" floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                LS-120 boot is supported
                ATAPI ZIP drive boot is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Function key-initiated network boot is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
        BIOS Revision: 1.00

方法二：查看 `/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/` 目录（适用于UEFI系统）

对于UEFI系统，可以通过查看特定的EFI变量来获取BIOS信息。

ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/

示例输出：

Boot0000  BootOrder  ...

方法三：使用 `biosdecode` 工具

biosdecode 是另一个可以显示BIOS信息的工具。

sudo apt-get install dmidecode  # 安装dmidecode包
sudo biosdecode

示例输出：

BIOS Information
        Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
        Version: 1.00
        Release Date: 07/22/2020
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 8192 kB
        Characteristics:
                PCI is supported
                PNP is supported
                APM is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                EDD is supported
                5.25"/3.5" floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                LS-120 boot is supported
                ATAPI ZIP drive boot is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Function key-initiated network boot is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
        BIOS Revision: 1.00