linux如何查看设备

在Linux系统中，查看设备信息可以通过多种命令来实现，这些命令可以帮助你获取硬件和系统级别的详细信息。以下是一些常用的命令及其用途：

1. `lshw` (List Hardware)

lshw 是一个列出硬件信息的工具，它可以提供关于CPU、内存、存储设备、网络接口等的详细信息。

使用示例：

sudo lshw

输出示例：

description: Computer
product: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
version: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.8 dmi-2.8 smp vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop family=To Be Filled By O.E.M. sku=To Be Filled By O.E.M. uuid=00000000-0000-0000-0002-0026B9CA7724
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
physical id: 0
version: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
slot: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
...

2. `lscpu` (List CPU)

lscpu 命令用于显示CPU的架构、型号、频率等信息。

使用示例：

lscpu

输出示例：

Architecture:        x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):      32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:          Little Endian
CPU(s):              4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core:  2
Core(s) per socket:  2
Socket(s):           1
Vendor ID:           GenuineIntel
CPU family:          6
Model:               142
Model name:          Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7200U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Stepping:            9
CPU MHz:             2712.000
BogoMIPS:            5424.00
Virtualization:      VT-x
L1d cache:           32K
L1i cache:           32K
L2 cache:            256K
L3 cache:            3072K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):   0-3

3. `free` (Show Free and Used Memory)

free 命令用于显示系统的内存使用情况，包括总内存、已用内存、空闲内存等。

使用示例：

free -h

输出示例：

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.7Gi       2.4Gi       2.8Gi       154Mi       2.5Gi       4.9Gi
Swap:          2.0Gi       16Mi       2.0Gi

4. `df` (Disk Free)

df 命令用于显示文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况。

使用示例：

df -h

输出示例：

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           788M  1.7M  786M   1% /run
/dev/sda1       234G   53G  172G  24% /
tmpfs           3.9G   76M  3.8G   2% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0       98M   98M     0 100% /snap/core/8592
/dev/loop1       55M   55M     0 100% /snap/core18/1705
/dev/loop2       31M   31M     0 100% /snap/snapd/7264
/dev/loop3       31M   31M     0 100% /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop4       31M   31M     0 100% /snap/snapd/8750
/dev/loop5       31M   31M     0 100% /snap/snapd/9066
/dev/loop6       55M   55M     0 100% /snap/core18/1880
tmpfs           788M   16K  788M   1% /run/user/1000

5. `lsblk` (List Block Devices)

lsblk 命令用于列出块设备的信息，包括磁盘、分区等。

使用示例：

lsblk

输出示例：

NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0 232.9G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2        8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3        8:3    0 231.4G  0 part 
  ├─vg0-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─vg0-swap 253:1    0   7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─vg0-home 253:2    0 173.5G  0 lvm  /home

6. `ip` (Show / Manipulate Routing, Devices, Policy Routing and Tunneling)

ip 命令用于显示和配置网络接口的信息。

使用示例：

ip addr show

输出示例：

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:16:3e:00:00:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.100/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe00:1/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever