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如何从Wall/CPU time理解多线程程序的并行效率?有利于理解跑WRF时候如何选择合适的核数

作为高性能计算软件的用户,我们经常可以在软件的输出文件中看到各种时间统计。最常见的就是计算使用的时间,也就是wall-clock time或者wall time。这个很好理解,它就是我们从计算开始到计算结束等待的时间。除此之外,CPU time也是一个常见的时间数据。CPU time衡量的是CPU用来执行程序的时间。当软件使用一个线程时,由于需要等待IO完成或者用户输入等原因,CPU并不总是100%被使用,这导致CPU time一般比wall time小。当我们使用多线程的时候,程序的CPU time是各个线程的CPU time之和。那么如何从wall time 和CPU time这两个数据理解多线程程序的并行效率呢?

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POJ 1113 Wall 凸包

Once upon a time there was a greedy King who ordered his chief Architect to build a wall around the King’s castle. The King was so greedy, that he would not listen to his Architect’s proposals to build a beautiful brick wall with a perfect shape and nice tall towers. Instead, he ordered to build the wall around the whole castle using the least amount of stone and labor, but demanded that the wall should not come closer to the castle than a certain distance. If the King finds that the Architect has used more resources to build the wall than it was absolutely necessary to satisfy those requirements, then the Architect will loose his head. Moreover, he demanded Architect to introduce at once a plan of the wall listing the exact amount of resources that are needed to build the wall.

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