Elasticsearch集群数据备份与恢复 Snapshot & Restore
简介
- Elasticsearch 拥有副本机制来保障集群的高可用，然而无法解决如下情况的数据丢失:
- 主副本所在机器存储全部损坏。
- 误删除索引数据。
- 升级失败，数据无法回滚。
- 定期对数据做备份，按需恢复可以很好的解决如上问题。
- Elasticsearch 提供了 Snapshot 和 Restore API 用于对集群数据完成备份与恢复。
- 数据备份的过程可以简单理解成将本地数据文件同步到远程仓库(repository) 的过程。
- 支持全量和增量备份。
- repository 常见有如下类型: fs / S3 / HDFS / Azure / Google Cloud Storage。
实战
1 创建原始索引并导入数据
PUT _template/blog-template
{
"index_patterns": [
"blog-*"
],
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 3,
"number_of_replicas": 1
},
"mappings": {
"dynamic_templates": [
{
"integers": {
"match": "int_*",
"mapping": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
},
{
"strings": {
"match_mapping_type": "string",
"mapping": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
],
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
PUT blog-test
POST blog-test/_bulk
{"index":{}}
{"title":"elasticsearch best practice","author_firstname":"tony","author_lastname":"song","tags":"elasticsearch ,logstash","int_age":18,"locale":"zh,en"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"elastic stack release V5","author_firstname":"shay","author_lastname":"banon","tags":"elk ,elasticsearch,release","int_age":28,"locale":"zhc,en"}
{"index":{}}
{"title":"kibana tutorial","author_firstname":"zen","author_lastname":"wei","tags":"","int_age":38,"locale":"zhc,en"}
GET blog-test
GET blog-test/_search
2 修改elasticsearch配置文件
修改 elasticsearch.yml 配置文件，增加如下配置:
path.repo: ["/home/elastic/backup"]
重启elasticsearch进程，查看创建的repo：
GET _cluster/settings?include_defaults&filter_path=*.path.repo
#输出结果：
{
"defaults" : {
"path" : {
"repo" : [
"/home/elastic/backup"
]
}
}
}
3 创建关联 repository
#创建关联 repository
PUT /_snapshot/my_fs_backup
{
"type": "fs",
"settings": {
"location": "/home/elastic/backup/my_fs_backup",
"compress": true
}
}
查看创建的关联：
GET _snapshot/my_fs_backup
#输出结果:
{
"my_fs_backup" : {
"type" : "fs",
"settings" : {
"compress" : "true",
"location" : "/home/elastic/backup/my_fs_backup"
}
}
}
查看在哪个node上创建了关联：
POST _snapshot/my_fs_backup/_verify
#输出结果
{
"nodes" : {
"pMrJwVGSQcSgeTZdh61QRw" : {
"name" : "node1"
}
}
}
4 执行 snapshot
indices：做快照的索引。wait_for_completion=true：是否等待完成快照后再响应，如果为true会等快照完成后才响应。（默认为false，不等快照完成立即响应）ignore_unavailable: 设置为true时，当创建快照时忽略不存在的索引。include_global_state: 设置为false时，当某个索引所有的主分片不是全部的都可用时，可以完成快照。
#创建snapshot_1对blog-test索引做快照
PUT /_snapshot/my_fs_backup/snapshot_1?wait_for_completion=true
{
"indices": "blog-test",
"ignore_unavailable": true,
"include_global_state": false
}
查看创建的快照：
GET /_snapshot/my_fs_backup/snapshot_*
#GET /_snapshot/my_fs_backup/_all 看所有的
#输出结果：
{
"snapshots" : [
{
"snapshot" : "snapshot_1",
"uuid" : "FEbAt3BiR1SAiBkO7pfoZg",
"version_id" : 7020199,
"version" : "7.2.1",
"indices" : [
"blog-test"
],
"include_global_state" : false,
"state" : "SUCCESS",
"start_time" : "2021-02-06T03:28:40.001Z",
"start_time_in_millis" : 1612582120001,
"end_time" : "2021-02-06T03:28:40.213Z",
"end_time_in_millis" : 1612582120213,
"duration_in_millis" : 212,
"failures" : [ ],
"shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"failed" : 0,
"successful" : 3
}
}
]
}
查看快照状态：
GET _snapshot/my_fs_backup/snapshot_1/_status
#输出结果:
{
"snapshots" : [
{
"snapshot" : "snapshot_1",
"repository" : "my_fs_backup",
"uuid" : "FEbAt3BiR1SAiBkO7pfoZg",
"state" : "SUCCESS",
"include_global_state" : false,
"shards_stats" : {
"initializing" : 0,
"started" : 0,
"finalizing" : 0,
"done" : 3,
"failed" : 0,
"total" : 3
},
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 12,
"size_in_bytes" : 15608
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 12,
"size_in_bytes" : 15608
},
"start_time_in_millis" : 1612582120074,
"time_in_millis" : 108
},
"indices" : {
"blog-test" : {
"shards_stats" : {
"initializing" : 0,
"started" : 0,
"finalizing" : 0,
"done" : 3,
"failed" : 0,
"total" : 3
},
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 12,
"size_in_bytes" : 15608
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 12,
"size_in_bytes" : 15608
},
"start_time_in_millis" : 1612582120074,
"time_in_millis" : 108
},
"shards" : {
"0" : {
"stage" : "DONE",
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 5104
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 5104
},
"start_time_in_millis" : 1612582120143,
"time_in_millis" : 39
}
},
"1" : {
"stage" : "DONE",
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 5265
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 5265
},
"start_time_in_millis" : 1612582120074,
"time_in_millis" : 25
}
},
"2" : {
"stage" : "DONE",
"stats" : {
"incremental" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 5239
},
"total" : {
"file_count" : 4,
"size_in_bytes" : 5239
},
"start_time_in_millis" : 1612582120113,
"time_in_millis" : 21
}
}
}
}
}
}
]
}
5 恢复 snapshot
rename_pattern: 正则匹配原索引名rename_replacement: 将匹配到的字段用于重命名新索引
POST _snapshot/my_fs_backup/snapshot_1/_restore
{
"indices": "blog-test",
"ignore_unavailable": true,
"rename_pattern": "(.+)",
"rename_replacement": "restored_$1"
}
查询新索引的数据：
GET restored_blog-test/_search举报
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