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喜欢什么音乐暴露了你是一个什么样的人

你喜欢这段音乐吗?

你知道自己为什么喜欢(或不喜欢)这段音乐吗?

你相信是否喜欢这段音乐反映了你的性格吗?

2018年,Psychological Science最新录用的一篇文章采用大数据,从主动收听到Facebook点赞两个角度证实,音乐偏好可以预测人格。

Nave, G., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., Rentfrow, J., Minxha, J., & Greenberg, D. (2018). Musical preferences predict personality: evidence from active listening and facebook likes.Psychological Science. Accepted.

Research over the past decade has shown that various personality traits are communicated through musical preferences.

很多年以前,研究者们就发现,一个人的人格特质(如“大五人格”)可以通过其音乐偏好反映出来。

大五人格维度

开放性(openness):具有想象、审美、情感丰富、求异、创造、智能等特质。

尽责性(conscientiousness):显示胜任、公正、条理、尽职、成就、自律、谨慎、克制等特点。

外倾性(extraversion):表现出热情、社交、果断、活跃、冒险、乐观等特质。

宜人性 (agreeableness):具有信任、利他、直率、依从、谦虚、移情等特质。

神经质(neuroticism):具有焦虑、敌对、压抑、自我意识、冲动、脆弱等特质。

大五音乐维度

而人们对于西方音乐的偏好也可以分为五个维度——Mellow, Unpretentious, Sophisticated, Intense, and Contemproary (MUSIC, Rentfrow et al., 2011; 2012)。

The mellow dimensionrepresents music that is romantic, relaxing, and slow, and comprises soft rock, R&B, and adult contemporary musical pieces.

柔和度代表一段音乐是浪漫的,放松的,慢速的,如轻柔的摇滚乐,蓝调音乐,成人当代音乐作品等

The unpretentious dimensionrepresents music that is uncomplicated, relaxing, and acoustic, and comprises country, folk, and singer/songwriter pieces.

含蓄度代表音乐是不复杂的,放松的,自然声的,包括乡村音乐,民谣和创作型歌手的作品。

The sophisticated dimensionrepresents music that is inspiring, complex, and dynamic, and comprises classical, operatic, world, and jazz pieces.

复杂度代表音乐是鼓舞人心的,复杂的,有活力的,包括经典,歌剧,世界和爵士乐。

The intense dimensionrepresents music that is distorted, loud, and aggressive, and comprises classic rock, alternative rock, punk, and heavy metal pieces.

强烈度代表音乐是失真的,响亮的,具有攻击性的,如经典摇滚,另类摇滚,朋客和重金属音乐。

The contemporary dimensionrepresents music that is percussive, electric, and not sad, and comprises rap, electronic dance music, Latin, and Europop pieces.

当代度代表音乐是有冲击力的,电子的,不悲伤的,如说唱音乐,电子舞乐,拉丁和欧洲音乐。

The individuals are drawn tomusical styles that satisfy and reinforce their psychological needs. a need for creative and intellectual stimulation prefer unconventional and complex musical styles, and that people who are sociable and enthusiastic prefer musical styles that are energetic and lively (Rentfrow & Gosling, 2003).

音乐偏好与人格相关的内在原因可能是人们会通过选择特定类型的音乐来满足和强化他们的心理需要。比如,需要激发创造力或智力的人会更喜欢非传统和复杂的音乐,而那些爱好社交或热情的人更偏好积极和活跃的音乐。

One limitation of that research is external validity, as most studies have assessed individual differences in musical preferences using self-reports of music-genre preferences.

但是,之前研究的一个缺点就是外部效度低,因为它们绝大多数都采用自我报告喜欢音乐的类型来测量音乐偏好。

Are personality traits communicated through behavioral manifestations of musical preferences? We addressed this question in two large-scale online studies with demographically diverse populations.

本研究采用两个在线的大数据研究来检验,是否人格特质可以通过个体在行为上对于特定音乐的偏好来加以反映。

Study 1 (N= 22,252) shows that reactions to unfamiliar musical excerpts predicted individual differences in personality—most notably, openness and extraversion—above and beyond demographic characteristics. Moreover, these personality traits were differentially associated with particular music-preference dimensions.

研究一通过针对22252名被试的大五人格量表得分与音乐偏好间的关系分析发现,由音乐偏好测得的人格类型可以预测个体现实的人格类型。

开放性人格与更多喜欢复杂性音乐,更少喜欢柔和性音乐相关。

外向性人格与偏好含蓄性音乐相关。

开放性和外向性还与对音乐的总体喜欢程度相关。

Theresults from Study 2 (N= 21,929) replicated and extended these findings by showing that an active measure of naturally occurring behavior, Facebook Likes for musical artists, also predicted individual differences in personality.

研究二通过针对Facebook上21929名被试人格(大数据来源: mypersonlaity. org)与点赞音乐家的数据进行分析,结果发现,个体在Facebook上对音乐家的点赞可以预测他们在人格上的个体差异。研究二不但重复了研究一的结果,还将其进一步拓展至日常生活之中。

In general, our findings establish the robustness and external validity of the links between musical preferences and personality.

总之,该研究证实音乐偏好与人格相关,更为重要的是,也揭示了此种联系具有良好的外部效度。

为什么音乐偏好与人格相关?

自我认同理论(Abrams, 2009):人们通过他们喜欢的音乐类型来验证他们的自我感知,并将这种信息传递给其他人,比如,收听前卫的音乐可以既强化也可以传递一个人是有创造力,非传统的信念。

情绪调节理论(Saarikallio & Erkkilä,2007):人们喜欢那些可以改善他们情绪状态的音乐,比如收听令人振奋的音乐可以帮助人们保持一个积极的情绪。

行动一致性理论:人们喜欢收听那些可以完善他们日常生活爱好的音乐。比如,快速且向上的音乐可以增加那些富有活力的活动的效果(如跳舞),因而更吸引外向的人。

大数据背景下音乐与人格关系研究的框架

The music—a form of self-expression that is ubiquitous across human cultures—communicates meaningful information about basic psychologicalcharacteristics.

音乐是一种普遍存在于各种文化之中的自我表达方式,它们传递着关于人类基本心理特征的重要信息。

There are now streaming servicesthat store data from millions of people on their day-to-day musical listening habits;song-level datathat tags sonic andemotion attributes for millions of songs;wearable devices(e.g. watches and earbuds) that capture physiological metrics including heartrate and galvanic skin response;mobile technologiesthat track a person’s moment-to-moment activity, location, mood, and sociability; andsurvey instruments and digital footprintsthat capture personality and other biopsychosocial metrics in just under a minute. We propose that merging these technologies can create a new age in music psychology that exponentially expands the present knowledge and scope of the field.

在大数据时代,通过整合音乐数据,穿戴设备,移动设备,调研工具和数字足迹,可以开创一个音乐心理学的新时代,并帮助公众寻找到更好地提升健康和幸福感的新途径。

推送开始的音乐片段是一段典型的复杂度较高的音乐,如果你不喜欢它,可能提示你的开放性人格得分较低哦~~

参考文献

Nave, G., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., Rentfrow, J., Minxha, J., & Greenberg, D. (2018). Musical preferences predict personality: evidence from active listening and facebook likes.Psychological Science. in press

Greenberg, D. M., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2017). Music and big data: a new frontier.Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences,18, 50-56.

Greenberg, D. M., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D. J., Monteiro, B. L., Levitin, D. J., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2016). The song is you: preferences for musical attribute dimensions reflect personality.Social Psychological & Personality Science,7(6).

  • 发表于:
  • 原文链接http://kuaibao.qq.com/s/20180412B1AMME00?refer=cp_1026
  • 腾讯「腾讯云开发者社区」是腾讯内容开放平台帐号(企鹅号)传播渠道之一,根据《腾讯内容开放平台服务协议》转载发布内容。
  • 如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

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