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神外前沿 257期
神外前沿讯,近期,国际四大顶尖期刊之一的PNAS杂志(影响因子11.1,中科院分区1区)报道了一项美国俄勒冈健康与科学大学研究团队关于血管周围间隙是人类脑脊液流动管道的研究。
这项研究首次通过MRI技术在临床上获得了可视化的证据,证实了人体中存在可能有助于从大脑中排出废物的通道——类淋巴系统。
论文信息
The perivascular space is a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid flow in humans: A proof-of-principle report
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2407246121
这项研究表明,由于衰老或身体损伤,大脑中这个废物清除网络(称为淋巴系统)的损伤可能与阿尔茨海默病和其他认知障碍的发展有关。这一突破为阿尔茨海默病的潜在防治措施铺平了道路。(参考阅读:专访上海九院章一新:LVA手术治疗阿尔茨海默症单中心临床试验获积极疗效 即将启动全国多中心研究)
据了解,类淋巴通路被定义为血管周围间隙(PVS)的网络,其促进脑脊液(CSF)有组织地分布到脑实质中。但在本次研究之前,尚未在临床中证实存在功能正常的淋巴-脑脊液系统(functioning glymphatic)。
本次研究招募了5名需要手术切除脑瘤的志愿者,并通过鞘内钆对比增强磁共振扫描,研究显示对比增强的CSF通过PVS进入脑实质,由此支持人类存在类淋巴通路。
本次研究的5名志愿者中,1名志愿者在手术后 12 小时和 24 小时进行了磁共振 T2/FLAIR 扫描,另外 4 名志愿者在手术后 24 小时和 48 小时进行了磁共振 T2/FLAIR 扫描。
Visualization of perivascular spaces by intrathecal contrast-enhanced brain MRI. Intrathecal contrast-enhanced brain MRI in coronal (A–D) and axial planes (E–H). T2 (A and E), T1 (B and F), and T2/FLAIR (C and G) sequences from timepoint 1, and T2/FLAIR from timepoint 2 (D and H) are shown. Some MV-PVSs decrease in signal intensity while others increase between timepoints 1 and 2. Red arrowheads: MV-PVS on T1 and T2 sequences. White arrow: Postcontrast, nonenhancing MV-PVS. White arrowheads: Enhancing MV-PVSs (D and H).
Contrast-enhanced CSF and parenchymal signal relative to the perivascular space. (A) Example of the contrast-containing subarachnoid mask (Left) derived from enhancing subarachnoid spaces on T2/FLAIR (Right). (B) Scatterplot of normalized PVS intensity by distance between all MV-PVSs and the contrast-containing subarachnoid mask. Shaded region = 95% CI. (C) Cross-section of an enhancing MV-PVS shown on T2 (Left), T2/FLAIR (Center), and T2/FLAIR with regions of interest expanding away from the PVS (Right). Red-PVS; orange-PVS edge; green-2 voxels from PVS edge; blue-4 voxels from PVS edge; white-7 voxels from PVS edge. (D) Boxplot of normalized signal intensity by ROI and MRI timepoint for MV-PVS enhancing at timepoint 1.
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