我不能确定地回答...但是为什么不尝试： #support/controller_macros.rb module ControllerMacros def login_user @request.env["devise.mapping"] = Devise.mappings[:user] @user = Factory.create(:user) sign_in @user end end 和 #requests/some_spec.rb require 'spec_helper' describe "GET /guides/edit" do before(:each) do login_user end end 如果失败了--也许它就是找不到@请求--在这种情况下，将它作为一个变量传递给登录_用户 编辑： 看起来你可能需要包括设计测试助手。你应该有这个文件： # spec/support/devise.rb RSpec.configure do |config| config.include Devise::TestHelpers, :type => :controller end 不确定这是否与你已经在规范中得到的不同_跟我看起来很像。... 展开详请

为了简化monad的使用，并使抽象出monad的用法更容易，他们引入了do。例如，此代码： do putStr "What's your full name? " [name,surname] <- getLine >>= return . words putStr "How old are you? " age <- getLine >>= return . read if age >= 18 then putStrLn $ "Hello Mr / Ms " ++ surname else putStrLn $ "Hello " ++ name 翻译为： putStr "What's your full name? " >> getLine >>= return . words >>= \[name,surname] -> putSr "How old are you? " >> getLine >>= return . read >>= \age -> if age >= 18 then putStrLn $ "Hello Mr / Ms " ++ surname else putStrLn $ "Hello " ++ name fail，在不匹配的情况下调用： putStr "What's your full name? " >> let helper1 [name,surname] = putSr "How old are you? " >> let helper2 age = if age >= 18 then putStrLn $ "Hello Mr / Ms " ++ surname else putStrLn $ "Hello " ++ name helper2 _ = fail "..." in getLine >>= return . read >>= helper2 helper1 _ = fail "..." in getLine >>= return . words >>= helper1 ... 展开详请