Python 基于urllib.request封装http协议类

测试环境： Python版本：Python 3.3 代码实践 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- __author__ = 'shouke' import urllib.request import http.cookiejar import urllib.parse class MyHttp: '''配置要测试请求服务器的ip、端口、域名等信息，封装http请求方法，http头设置''' def __init__(self, protocol, host, port, header = {}): # 从配置文件中读取接口服务器IP、域名，端口 self.protocol = protocol self.host = host self.port = port self.headers = header # http 头 #install cookie #自动管理cookie cj = http.cookiejar.CookieJar() opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)) urllib.request.install_opener(opener) def set_host(self, host): self.host = host def get_host(self): return self.host def get_protocol(self): return self.protocol def set_port(self, port): self.port = port def get_port(self): return self.port # 设置http头 def set_header(self, headers): self.headers = headers # 封装HTTP GET请求方法 def get(self, url, params=''): url = self.protocol + '://' + self.host + ':' + str(self.port) + url + params print('发起的请求为：%s' % url) request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=self.headers) try: response = urllib.request.urlopen(request) response = response.read() return response except Exception as e: print('发送请求失败，原因：%s' % e) return None # 封装HTTP POST请求方法 def post(self, url, data=''): url = self.protocol + '://' + self.host + ':' + str(self.port) + url print('发起的请求为：%s' % url) request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=self.headers) try: response = urllib.request.urlopen(request, data) response = response.read() return response except Exception as e: print('发送请求失败，原因：%s' % e) return None # 封装HTTP xxx请求方法 # 自由扩展 案例1： #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- __author__ = 'shouke' from httpprotocol import MyHttp if __name__ == '__main__': http = MyHttp('https', 'www.baifubao.com', 443) params = {"cmd":1059,"callback":"phone", "phone":"15850781443"} params = urllib.parse.urlencode(params) response = http.get('/callback?', params) print(response) 输出response内容如下： b'phone({"meta":{"result":"0","result_info":"","jump_url":""},"data":{"operator":"\\u79fb\\u52a8","area":"\\u6c5f\\u82cf","area_operator":"\\u6c5f\\u82cf\\u79fb\\u52a8","support_price":{"100":"115","500":"507","1000":"1000","2000":"2000","3000":"2996","5000":"4994","10000":"9989","20000":"19979","30000":"29969","50000":"49948"}}})' 如上，返回Unicode编码的数据：“"\\u79fb\\u52a8",……”， 解决方法：输出前先解码，如下 response = response.decode('unicode_escape') print(response) 解码后的输出如下： phone({"meta":{"result":"0","result_info":"","jump_url":""},"data":{"operator":"移动","area":"江苏","area_operator":"江苏移动","support_price":{"100":"115","500":"507","1000":"1000","2000":"2000","3000":"2996","5000":"4994","10000":"9989","20000":"19979","30000":"29969","50000":"49948"}}}) 案例2： #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- __author__ = 'shouke' from httpprotocol import MyHttp if __name__ == '__main__': http = MyHttp('http', 'www.webxml.com.cn', 80) # header = {'Content-Type':'text/xml','charset':'utf-8'} http.set_header(header) params = '''<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:web="http://WebXml.com.cn/"> <soapenv:Header/> <soapenv:Body> <web:getSupportProvince/> </soapenv:Body> </soapenv:Envelope>''' params = params.encode(encoding='UTF-8') response = http.post('/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?', params) print(response) 说明： 1、params = params.encode(encoding='UTF-8') # 如果未添加该行代码，会报错如下： POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str. 2、 header = {'Content-Type':'text/xml','charset':'utf-8'} http.set_header(header) 以上两行代码，为请求添加请求头，如果未添加，则会报错，如下： HTTP Error 415: Unsupported Media Type 3、输出response，部分内容如下： \xe7\x9b\xb4\xe8\xbe\x96\xe5\xb8\x82\xe7\x89\xb9\xe5\x88\xab\xe8\xa1\x8c\xe6\x94\xbf\xe5\x8c\xba…… 如上，返回十六进制(\x表示16进制)的字符e7,9b等 解决方法：输出前先解码，如下 response = response.decode('utf-8') print(response) 解码后的输出结果： 直辖市特别行政区…… 案例3： import json from httpprotocol import MyHttp if __name__ == '__main__': http = MyHttp('http', 'info.so.360.cn', 80) header = {'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded','charset':'utf-8'} http = MyHttp('http', 'info.so.360.cn', 80) http.set_header(header) url = '/index.php?g=Embody&m=Index&a=submit' parmas = '{"websitetype":"博客论坛","url":"http://blog.sina.com.cn/ishouke","email":"1033553122@40qq.com","checkcode":"rkqj"}' parmas = parmas.encode('utf-8') response = http.post(url,parmas) print(response.decode('utf-8')) 说明：如果服务器支持的内容类型(‘Content-Type’)为json则要修改请求头，如下 header = {'Content-Type':'application/json','charset':'utf-8'}