今天来手把手创建一个 Spring MVC 的实例,看看 Spring MVC 到底应该怎么用。
好了,完成上面两步之后,我们的普通 Maven 项目就创建 OK 了。
Add Framework Support
,然后选中 Web Application
添加即可;pom.xml
中添加相关依赖,一般需要 Junit、Servlet、Spring MVC 等框架的依赖;<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
除此之外,为了避免后面有可能出现的静态资源导出问题,我们也可以在 pom.xml
添加如下配置:
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
web.xml
中注册 DispatcherServlet
;<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 绑定 Spring 配置 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 加载顺序 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
同时在 /src/main/resources
目录下新建一个 Spring MVC 配置文件 springmvc-servlet.xml
(文件名可以自定义,可以根据自己喜好自定义);
springmvc-servlet.xml
;<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描,由 IOC 统一管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cunyu.controller"/>
<!--Spring MVC 不处理静态资源-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 支持 MVC 注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 视图解析器,此处的为 Spring 自带,也可以使用其他解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前后缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
package com.cunyu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @author : cunyu
* @version : 1.0
* @className : HelloController
* @date : 2020/7/21 8:19
* @description : 控制器
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
// 浏览器访问 ip:port/项目名/hello
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String sayHello(Model model) {
String name = "村雨遥";
model.addAttribute("name", name);
// 访问 /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
return "hello";
}
}
WEB-INF/jsp
目录下新建 hello.jsp
(没有的目录和文件需要自己创建),然后就可以取出 Controller
中 Model
所存放的值或者对象;<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: cunyu
Date: 2020/7/21
Time: 8:23
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>村雨遥的博客</title>
</head>
<body>
你好,${name},欢迎来到我的博客!
</body>
</html>
填写相关配置,同时点击 Fix
localhost:8080/hello
如果出现访问不了的情况,可以按照如下步骤进行设置:
Project Structure -> Artifacts
WEB-INF
目录新建 lib
目录,然后将所有 Library Files
添加到 lib
目录,然后重启 Tomcat 即可;