hostctl · 像PRO一样管理你的hosts文件

公众号: 云原生生态圈

发布于 2020-12-29 11:23:37

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发布于 2020-12-29 11:23:37

使用背景

在日常的工作中，我们经常会通过编辑hosts文件来处理一些自定义域名的解析任务，每次手动的编辑linux或者mac上/etc/hosts和window上的hosts是一项繁琐的任务。但是现在，我们可以通过hostctl[1]来自动化管理本地域名解析文件，这样一来就可以使某些方面自动化，以使其变得更加干净快捷。

在不同的操作系统上hosts文件的路径是不一样：

Linux和Mac上的路径

/etc/hosts

window上的路径

C:/Windows/System32/Drivers/etc/hosts

下面我们就开启通过hostctl开启hosts文件内容的自动化管理之路

安装hostctl

https://github.com/guumaster/hostctl/releases/download/v1.0.14/hostctl_1.0.14_macOS_64-bit.tar.gz
tar xf hostctl_1.0.14_macOS_64-bit.tar.gz
mv hostctl /usr/local/bin/

在终端中执行hostctl的时候，Mac上会提示不受信任，因此需要在安全中心允许执行hostctl

Mac安全中心允许使用不受信任的开发工具

hostctl管理你的hosts

hostctl支持对hosts文件基础修改需求，如备份，从文件恢复，增加域名解析、删除域名解析记录、替换以及从Docker或docker-compose运行的容器中同步解析记录到你的hosts文件，下面就通过几个简单的例子说明hostctl如何管理你的主机解析记录文件

Available Commands:
  add         Add content to a profile in your hosts file.
  backup      Creates a backup copy of your hosts file
  disable     Disable a profile from your hosts file.
  enable      Enable a profile on your hosts file.
  help        Help about any command
  list        Shows a detailed list of profiles on your hosts file.
  remove      Remove a profile from your hosts file.
  replace     Replace content to a profile in your hosts file.
  restore     Restore hosts file content from a backup file.
  status      Shows a list of profile names and statuses on your hosts file.
  sync        Sync some system IPs with a profile.
  toggle      Change status of a profile on your hosts file.

Flags:
  -c, --column strings     Column names to show on lists. comma separated
  -h, --help               help for hostctl
      --host-file string   Hosts file path (default "/etc/hosts")
      --no-color           force colorless output
  -o, --out string         Output type (table|raw|markdown|json) (default "table")
  -q, --quiet              Run command without output
      --raw                Output without borders (same as -o raw)
  -v, --version            version for hostctl

Use "hostctl [command] --help" for more information about a command.

list查看hosts内容

☸️  dev? default  ? ? hostctl list
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |       IP        |           DOMAIN           |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | localhost                  |
| default | on     | 255.255.255.255 | broadcasthost              |
| default | on     | ::1             | localhost                  |
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on     | 192.168.10.110  | apiserver.cluster.local    |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+

# 同时支持多种格式输出，如markdown,json,table等

Add增加解析记录

☸️  dev? default  ? ? sudo hostctl add domains test admin.com admin.cn.com --ip 1.2.2.3
Password:
[✔] Domains 'admin.com, admin.cn.com' added.

+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |   IP    |    DOMAIN    |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3 | admin.com    |
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+

☸️  dev? default  ? ? hostctl list
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |       IP        |           DOMAIN           |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | localhost                  |
| default | on     | 255.255.255.255 | broadcasthost              |
| default | on     | ::1             | localhost                  |
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on     | 192.168.10.110  | apiserver.cluster.local    |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3         | admin.com                  |
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3         | admin.cn.com               |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
# 在/etc/hosts中已存在的profile就是default,上面增加的profile的名字为test

启用和关闭本地域名解析

☸️  dev? default  ? ? sudo hostctl enable test
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |   IP    |    DOMAIN    |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3 | admin.com    |
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
☸️  dev? default  ? ? ping admin.com
PING admin.com (1.2.2.3): 56 data bytes
Request timeout for icmp_seq 0
^C
--- admin.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100.0% packet loss
☸️  dev? default  ? ? sudo hostctl disable test
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |   IP    |    DOMAIN    |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| test    | off    | 1.2.2.3 | admin.com    |
| test    | off    | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+

☸️  dev? default  ? ? ping admin.com
PING admin.com (13.225.150.119): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 13.225.150.119: icmp_seq=0 ttl=240 time=237.629 ms
^C
--- admin.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 50.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 237.629/237.629/237.629/0.000 ms

移除解析记录

# 移除指定域名
☸️  dev? default  ? ? sudo hostctl remove domains test admin.com 
[✔] Domains 'admin.com' removed.

+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |   IP    |    DOMAIN    |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
+---------+--------+---------+--------------+
☸️  dev? default  ? ? hostctl list
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |       IP        |           DOMAIN           |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | localhost                  |
| default | on     | 255.255.255.255 | broadcasthost              |
| default | on     | ::1             | localhost                  |
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on     | 127.0.0.1       | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on     | 192.168.10.110  | apiserver.cluster.local    |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
| test    | on     | 1.2.2.3         | admin.cn.com               |
+---------+--------+-----------------+----------------------------+
# 移除指定profile的所有域名
☸️  dev? default  ? ? sudo hostctl remove test
[✔] Profile(s) 'test' removed.


☸️  dev? default  ? ? cat /etc/hosts
##
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting.  Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1 localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 kubernetes.docker.internal
# Added by Docker Desktop
# To allow the same kube context to work on the host and the container:
127.0.0.1 kubernetes.docker.internal
192.168.10.110 apiserver.cluster.local

##################################################################
# Content under this line is handled by hostctl. DO NOT EDIT.
##################################################################

其他命令

# 备份
hostctl backup -path .
☸️  dev? default  ? ? ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x    3 marionxue  staff    96 Dec 11 22:27 .
drwxr-xr-x+ 131 marionxue  staff  4192 Dec 11 23:27 ..
-rw-r--r--    1 marionxue  staff   609 Dec 11 22:27 hosts.20201211

# 通过文件替换已有的profile
☸️  dev? default  ? ? sudo hostctl replace test -f ./hosts
+---------+--------+---------+---------------+
| PROFILE | STATUS |   IP    |    DOMAIN     |
+---------+--------+---------+---------------+
| test    | on     | 1.1.1.1 | www.baidu.com |
+---------+--------+---------+---------------+