python--从入门到实践--chapter 12 pygame_Alien_Invasion

Michael阿明

发布于 2021-02-20 10:38:09

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发布于 2021-02-20 10:38:09

文章被收录于专栏：Michael阿明学习之路

安装pygame包，把安装好的包copy一份到pycharm工程目录下，不然找不到pygame包

抄一遍书上的代码：

settings.py

class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5

ship.py

import pygame
class Ship():
    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.image = pygame.image.load("images/ship.bmp")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()   #图像矩形
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()    #屏幕矩形，左上角原点，右下角如1200,800
        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx    #图像x中心，在屏幕中心
        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom  #图像底边，在屏幕底边
        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)  #图像x中心坐标转成浮点型，存在center中
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False
    def update(self):
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:  #限制位置在屏幕内
            self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        self.rect.centerx = self.center
    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) #blit实现动画效果

game_functions.py

import sys
import pygame
def check_keydown_events(event, ship):  #检测键盘按下事件
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True

def check_keyup_events(event, ship):    #检测键盘松开事件
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False

def check_events(ship):
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:   #退出事件
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:  #键盘按下事件
            check_keydown_events(event, ship)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:    #键盘松开事件
            check_keyup_events(event, ship)

def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship):
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)   #屏幕填充背景色
    ship.blitme()   #ship的动画效果
    pygame.display.flip()   #让动画尽可能流畅

alien_invasion.py

import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings = Settings()    #创建游戏设置
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")    #设置标题
    ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)    #创建游戏对象
    while True:
        gf.check_events(ship)   #检测事件
        ship.update()   #更新ship位置
        gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship) #刷新屏幕

run_game()

练习题： 1.火箭上下左右移动

2.创建一个程序，显示一个空屏幕。在事件循环中，每当检测到 pygame.KEYDOWN 事件时都打印属性event.key。运行这个程序，并按各种键，看看Pygame如何响应

import pygame
import sys
def check_events(screen):
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:   #退出事件
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:  #键盘按下事件
            while True:
                font = pygame.font.SysFont("宋体", 80)    #设置字体
                font_surface = font.render(str(event.key), True, (0, 0, 0), (255, 255, 255))    #渲染内容为面
                pygame.image.save(font_surface, "text.bmp") #面保存成图片
                image = pygame.image.load("text.bmp")   #获取图片
                image_rect = image.get_rect()   #获取图片的矩形
                image_rect.centerx = 200    #设置图片矩形位置
                image_rect.centery = 150
                screen.blit(image, image_rect)  #屏幕呈现该图片
                pygame.display.flip()   #屏幕刷新显示出来
                if pygame.event.poll().type == pygame.KEYUP:    #键盘松开
                    break   #退出
def run_game():
    pygame.init()
    pygame.font.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
    pygame.display.set_caption("测试按键......")    #设置标题
    while True:
        screen.fill((255, 255, 255))  # 屏幕填充背景色
        pygame.display.flip()   #刷新屏幕
        check_events(screen)   #检测事件

run_game()

添加子弹模块后的代码 settings.py

class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5    #飞船速度
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 1    #子弹速度
        self.bullet_width = 3           #子弹宽高
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60  #子弹颜色
        self.bullets_allowed = 2        #屏幕中允许的子弹数量

ship.py 不变 bullet.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,
                                ai_settings.bullet_height)  #绘制子弹的矩形
        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx   #子弹x与飞船相同
        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top   #子弹从飞船顶部起飞
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)     # y存一份浮点的，可以精调位置
        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color   #子弹颜色
        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor #子弹速度
    def update(self):
        self.y -= self.speed_factor #位置更新
        self.rect.y = self.y    #浮点y位置付给矩形图形
    def draw_bullet(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)    #把子弹矩形画到屏幕上

game_functions.py

import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):    #发射子弹
    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:  #子弹没超数量
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)  #生成新子弹
        bullets.add(new_bullet)     #新子弹加入组
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):  #检测键盘按下事件
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:   #按下空格键，发射子弹
        fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)

def check_keyup_events(event, ship):    #检测键盘松开事件
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False

def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:   #退出事件
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:  #键盘按下事件
            check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:    #键盘松开事件
            check_keyup_events(event, ship)

def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)   #屏幕填充背景色
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():    #把每个子弹画在屏幕上
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    ship.blitme()   #ship的动画效果
    pygame.display.flip()   #刷新，让动画尽可能流畅

def update_bullets(bullets):
    bullets.update()    #更新子弹位置
    for bullet in bullets.copy():   #删除飞出屏幕的子弹
        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)

alien_invasion.py

import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
def run_game():
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings = Settings()    #创建游戏设置
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")    #设置标题
    ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)    #创建游戏飞船对象
    bullets = Group()   #创建子弹组
    while True:
        gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)   #检测事件
        ship.update()   #更新ship位置
        gf.update_bullets(bullets)  #更新子弹位置，删除飞出去的子弹
        # print(len(bullets))   #调试时，确认子弹飞出屏幕后被删除
        gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets) #刷新屏幕

run_game()